{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:56:27Z","timestamp":1790420187040,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004257","name":"Helse Vest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004590","name":"Helse Midt-Norge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Bergen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To provide an overview of the The Norwegian Degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis (NORDSTEN)-study and the organizational structure, and to evaluate the study population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The NORDSTEN is a multicentre study with 10\u00a0year follow-up, conducted at 18 public hospitals. NORDSTEN includes three studies: (1) The randomized spinal stenosis trial comparing the impact of three different decompression techniques; (2) the randomized degenerative spondylolisthesis trial investigating whether decompression surgery alone is as good as decompression with instrumented fusion; (3) the observational cohort tracking the natural course of LSS in patients without planned surgical treatment. A range of clinical and radiological data are collected at defined time points. To administer, guide, monitor and assist the surgical units and the researchers involved, the NORDSTEN national project organization was established.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Corresponding clinical data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine) were used to assess if the randomized NORDSTEN-population at baseline was representative for LSS patients treated in routine surgical practice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 988 LSS patients with or without spondylolistheses were included from 2014 to 2018. The clinical trials did not find any difference in the efficacy of the surgical methods evaluated. The NORDSTEN patients were similar to those being consecutively operated at the same hospitals and reported to the NORspine during the same time period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The NORDSTEN study provides opportunity to investigate clinical course of LSS with or without surgical interventions. The NORDSTEN-study population were similar to LSS patients treated in routine surgical practice, supporting the external validity of previously published results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02007083 10\/12\/2013, NCT02051374 31\/01\/2014 and NCT03562936 20\/06\/2018.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07827-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T12:02:50Z","timestamp":1688385770000},"page":"4162-4173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Norwegian degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis (NORDSTEN) study: study overview, organization structure and study population"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02007083","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02051374","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03562936","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9636-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari","family":"Indrekvam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Fjeldheim","family":"B\u00e5nerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erland","family":"Hermansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivar Magne","family":"Austevoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frode","family":"Rekeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren Hjelle","family":"Guddal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore K.","family":"Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Ivar","family":"Brox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hellum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjersti","family":"Storheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"7827_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.139","volume":"119","author":"CH Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim CH et al (2018) Increased volume of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis and changes in surgical methods and outcomes: a nationwide cohort study with a 5\u00a0year follow-up. World Neurosurg 119:e313\u2013e322","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"7827_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E372","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002858","volume":"44","author":"L Gr\u00f8vle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gr\u00f8vle L et al (2019) The rates of LSS surgery in Norwegian public hospitals: a threefold increase from 1999 to 2013. Spine 44(6):E372-e378","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"22","key":"7827_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002207","volume":"42","author":"GC Machado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Machado GC et al (2017) Trends, complications, and costs for hospital admission and surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine 42(22):1737\u20131743","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"7827_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0435-9","volume":"18","author":"A Minamide","year":"2013","unstructured":"Minamide A, Yoshida M, Maio K (2013) The natural clinical course of lumbar spinal stenosis: a longitudinal cohort study over a minimum of 10\u00a0years. J Orthop Sci 18(5):693\u2013698","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7827_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3411-y","volume":"24","author":"B Adamova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adamova B et al (2015) Outcomes and their predictors in lumbar spinal stenosis: a 12\u00a0year follow-up. Eur Spine J 24(2):369\u2013380","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"7827_CR6","first-page":"cd012421","volume":"11","author":"GC Machado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Machado GC et al (2016) Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis. Cochrane database syst rev 11(11):cd012421","journal-title":"Cochrane database syst rev"},{"issue":"13","key":"7827_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.338","volume":"303","author":"RA Deyo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deyo RA et al (2010) Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults. JAMA 303(13):1259\u20131265","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7827_CR8","unstructured":"Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A, Andrews RM (2011) Characteristics of Operating Room Procedures in U.S. Hospitals, 2011: Statistical Brief #170. In: Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) statistical briefs. Agency for healthcare research and quality (US): Rockville (MD)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7827_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1491-7","volume":"18","author":"E Hermansen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hermansen E et al (2017) Study-protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing clinical and radiological results after three different posterior decompression techniques for lumbar spinal stenosis: the spinal stenosis trial (SST) (part of the NORDSTEN study). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):121","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"7827_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2384-0","volume":"20","author":"IM Austevoll","year":"2019","unstructured":"Austevoll IM et al (2019) Decompression alone versus decompression with instrumental fusion the NORDSTEN degenerative spondylolisthesis trial (NORDSTEN-DS); study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20(1):7","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"7827_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2772","volume":"194","author":"S Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee S et al (2010) A practical MRI grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 194(4):1095\u20131098","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"7827_CR12","unstructured":"ICH (2016) International council for harmonisation of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use. ICH harmonised guideline. Integrated addendum to ICH E6(R1): Guideline for good clinical practice. E6 (R2)"},{"issue":"5","key":"7827_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970306094","volume":"35","author":"M Grotle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grotle M, Brox JI, Vollestad NK (2003) Cross-cultural adaptation of the Norwegian versions of the roland-morris disability questionnaire and the oswestry disability index. J Rehabil Med 35(5):241\u2013247","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7827_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100990","volume":"385","author":"IM Austevoll","year":"2021","unstructured":"Austevoll IM et al (2021) Decompression with or without fusion in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. N Engl J Med 385(6):526\u2013538","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"7827_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e224291","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.4291","volume":"5","author":"E Hermansen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hermansen E et al (2022) Comparison of 3 different minimally invasive surgical techniques for lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 5(3):e224291","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"7827_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000207473.09030.0d","volume":"31","author":"J Cummins","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cummins J et al (2006) Descriptive epidemiology and prior healthcare utilization of patients in the spine patient outcomes research trial\u2019s (SPORT) three observational cohorts: disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine 31(7):806\u2013814","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"7827_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00913","volume":"91","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weinstein JN et al (2009) Surgical compared with nonoperative treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. Four\u00a0year results in the spine patient outcomes research trial (SPORT) randomized and observational cohorts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91(6):1295\u20131304","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"7827_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707136","volume":"358","author":"JN Weinstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weinstein JN et al (2008) Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med 358(8):794\u2013810","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"7827_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513721","volume":"374","author":"P F\u00f6rsth","year":"2016","unstructured":"F\u00f6rsth P et al (2016) A randomized, controlled trial of fusion surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med 374(15):1413\u20131423","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"7827_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508788","volume":"374","author":"Z Ghogawala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghogawala Z et al (2016) Laminectomy plus fusion versus laminectomy alone for lumbar spondylolisthesis. N Engl J Med 374(15):1424\u20131434","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7827_CR21","unstructured":"Solberg TK, Olsen LR, Tyrihaug AM (2020) Annual report 2019. In: Norwegian registry for spine surgery (NORspine)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7827_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.05.028","volume":"19","author":"G L\u00f8nne","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f8nne G et al (2019) Lumbar spinal stenosis: comparison of surgical practice variation and clinical outcome in three national spine registries. Spine J 19(1):41\u201349","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"7827_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.03.008","volume":"156","author":"G L\u00f8nne","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00f8nne G et al (2017) Variation in selection criteria and approaches to surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis among patients treated in Boston and Norway. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 156:77\u201382","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"7827_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019902","volume":"133","author":"RJ Mentz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mentz RJ et al (2016) Good clinical practice guidance and pragmatic clinical trials: balancing the best of both worlds. Circulation 133(9):872\u2013880","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07827-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07827-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07827-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T22:03:33Z","timestamp":1700604213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07827-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07827-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Norwegian Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics approved the trials (NORDTEN-SST trial and NORDSTEN-OC; 2011\/2034, NORDSTEN-DS trial; 2013\/366). Data protection was approved by the Norwegian Data Inspectorate and data are stored at \u201cServices for sensitive data\u201d (TSD) hosted by the University of Oslo, to allow secure data sharing between researchers. The study was performed according to the Helsinki Declaration and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the following identifiers; SST: NCT02007083 10\/12\/2013 \/ DS: NCT02051374 31\/01\/2014\/OC: NCT03562936 20\/06\/2018. The trial is monitored according to requirements of the Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from patients included in the study after oral and written information.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}