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Dr. Cammisa reports royalties from NuVasive, Inc.; private investments for 4WEB Medical\/4WEB, Inc., Bonovo Orthopedics, Inc., Healthpoint Capital Partners, LP, ISPH II, LLC, ISPH 3 Holdings, LLC, Ivy Healthcare Capital Partners, LLC, Medical Device Partners II, LLC, Medical Device Partners III, LLC, Orthobond Corporation, Spine Biopharma, LLC, Synexis, LLC, Tissue Differentiation Intelligence, LLC, VBVP VI, LLC, VBVP X, LLC (Centinel) and Woven Orthopedics Technologies; consulting fees from 4WEB Medical\/4WEB, Inc., DePuy Synthes Spine, NuVasive, Inc., Spine Biopharma, LLC, and Synexis, LLC; membership of scientific advisory board\/other offices of Healthpoint Capital Partners, LP, Medical Device Partners III, LLC, Orthobond Corporation, Spine Biopharma, LLC, Synexis, LLC, and Woven Orthopedic Technologies; and research support from 4WEB Medical\/4WEB, Inc., Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Camber Spine, and Centinel Spine, outside the submitted work. Dr. Girardi reports royalties from Lanx, Inc., and Ortho Development Corp.; private investments for Centinel Spine, and BCMID; stock ownership of Healthpoint Capital Partners, LP; and consulting fees from NuVasive, Inc., and DePuy Synthes Spine, outside the submitted work. Dr. Hughes reports research support from NuVasive, Inc. and Kuros Biosciences AG; and fellowship support from NuVasive, Inc. and Kuros Biosciences AG, outside the submitted work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}},{"value":"The work was performed at Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, USA. The institutional review board of the Hospital for Special Surgery approved this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}