{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T20:04:26Z","timestamp":1781381066092,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-08009-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T17:01:49Z","timestamp":1698771709000},"page":"103-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence and distribution of Schmorl node and endplate signal change, and correlation with disc degeneration in a population-based cohort: the Wakayama Spine Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4578-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Teraguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Kagotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyu","family":"Ishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakae","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munehito","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"8009_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819b390e","volume":"34","author":"JD Lurie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lurie JD, Doman DM, Spratt KF, Tosteson ANA, Weinstein JN (2009) Magnetic resonance imaging interpretation in patients with symptomatic lumbar spine disc herniations. Comparison of clinician and radiologist readings. Spine 34:701\u2013705","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"8009_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.11.012","volume":"15","author":"M Teraguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teraguchi M, Yoshimura N, Hashizume H, Muraki S, Yamada H, Oka H et al (2015) The association of combination of disc degeneration, end plate signal change, and Schmorl node with low back pain in a large population study: the Wakayama spine study. Spine J 15(4):622\u2013628","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"8009_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","volume":"166","author":"MT Modic","year":"1988","unstructured":"Modic MT, Steinberg PM, Ross JS et al (1988) Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging. Radiology 166:193\u2013199","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"8009_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.1.3289089","volume":"168","author":"MT Modic","year":"1988","unstructured":"Modic MT, Masaryk TJ, Ross JS et al (1988) Imaging of degenerative disk disease. Radiology 168:177\u2013186","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8009_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00337-x","volume":"11","author":"M Teraguchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teraguchi M, Hashizume H, Oka H et al (2022) Detailed subphenotyping of lumbar modic changes and their association with low back pain in a large population-based study: the Wakayama spine study. Pain Ther 11(1):57\u201371","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"8009_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06316-y","volume":"33","author":"M Othman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Othman M, Menon VK (2022) The prevalence of Schmorl\u2019s nodes in osteoporotic vs normal patients: a Middle Eastern population study. Osteoporos Int 33:1493\u20131499","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"8009_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2735-3","volume":"22","author":"S Sonnen-Holm","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sonnen-Holm S, Jacobsen S, Rovising H et al (2013) The epidemiology of Schmorl\u2019s nodes and their correlation to radiographic degeneration in 4151 subjects. Eur Spine J 22(8):1907\u20131912","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8009_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.2.r01ma21368","volume":"219","author":"C Pfirrmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfirrmann C, Resnick D (2001) Schmorl nodes of the thoracic and lumbar spine: radiographic-pathologic study of prevalence, characterization, and correlation with degenerative changes of 1650 spinal levels in 100 cadavers. Radiology 219:368\u2013374","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"8009_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22789","volume":"57","author":"FM Williams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williams FM, Manek NJ, Sambrook PN et al (2007) Schmorl\u2019s nodes: common, highly heritable, and related to lumbar disc disease. Arthritis Rheum 57:855\u2013860","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"8009_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp276","volume":"39","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Akune T (2010) Cohort profile: research on osteoarthritis\/osteoporosis against disability (ROAD) study. Int J Epidemiol 39:988\u2013995","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"8009_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-009-0080-8","volume":"27","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, Mabuchi A, En-Yo Y, Yoshida M et al (2009) Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, lumbar spondylosis, and osteoporosis in Japanese men and women: the research on osteoarthritis\/osteoporosis against disability study. J Bone Miner Metab 27:620\u2013628","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"8009_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.019","volume":"22","author":"M Teraguchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teraguchi M, Yoshimura N, Hashizume H et al (2014) Prevalence and distribution of intervertebral disc degeneration over the entire spine in a population-based cohort: the Wakayama spine study. Osteoarthr Cartil 22:104\u2013110","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"7","key":"8009_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.01.001","volume":"25","author":"M Teraguchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teraguchi M, Yoshimura N, Hashizume H et al (2017) Progression, incidence, and risk factors for intervertebral disc degeneration in a longitudinal population-based cohort: the Wakayama spine study. Osteoarthr Cartil 25(7):1122\u20131131","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"8009_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011","volume":"26","author":"CW Pfirrmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Boos N (2001) Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 26:1873\u20131878","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"8009_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000224167.18483.14","volume":"31","author":"M Kuisma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kuisma M, Karppinen J, Niinimaki J, Kurunlahti M et al (2006) A three-year follow-up of lumbar spine endplate (Modic) changes. Spine 31:1714\u20131718","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"8009_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d534f3","volume":"35","author":"FP Mok","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mok FP, Samartzis D, Karppinen J, Luk KD, Fong DY, Cheung KM (2010) ISSLS prize winner: prevalence, determinants, and association of Schmorl nodes of the lumbar spine with disc degeneration: a population-based study of 2449 individuals. Spine 35:1944\u20131952","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"8009_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05974-7","volume":"28","author":"A Splendiani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Splendiani A, Bruno F, Marsecano C et al (2019) Modic I changes size increase from supine to standing MRI correlates with increase in pain intensity in standing position: Uncovering the \u201cbiomechanical stress\u201d and \u201cactive discopathy\u201d theories in low back pain. Eur Spine J 28(5):983\u2013992","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8009_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.12.001","volume":"30","author":"CK Peterson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peterson CK, Gatterman B, Carter JC, Humphreys BK et al (2007) Inter- and intraexaminer reliability in identifying and classifying degenerative marrow (Modic) changes on lumbar spine magnetic resonance scans. J Manip Physiol Ther 30:85\u201390","journal-title":"J Manip Physiol Ther"},{"key":"8009_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.11.013","volume":"30","author":"CK Peterson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peterson CK, Humphreys BK, Pringle TC (2007) Prevalence of Modic degenerative marrow changes in the cervical spine. J Manipul Physiol Ther 30:5\u201310","journal-title":"J Manipul Physiol Ther"},{"key":"8009_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.10.050","volume":"5","author":"T Keller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keller T, Colloca CJ, Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ (2005) Influence of spine morphology on intervertebral disc loads and stresses in asymptomatic adults: implications for the ideal spine. Spine J 5:297\u2013309","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8009_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147565","volume":"11","author":"M Teraguchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teraguchi M, Yoshimura N, Hashizume H, Muraki S, Yamada H, Oka H et al (2016) Metabolic syndrome components are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration: the Wakayama spine study. PLoS ONE 11(2):e0147565","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8009_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199402001-00012","volume":"19","author":"C Hamanishi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hamanishi C, Kawabata T, Yosii T, Tanaka S (1994) Schmorl\u2019s nodes on magnetic resonance imaging: their incidence and clinical relevance. Spine 19:450\u2013453","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"8009_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.35.2.127","volume":"35","author":"RC Hilton","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hilton RC, Ball J, Benn RT (1976) Vertebral end-plate lesions (Schmorl\u2019s nodes) in the dorsolumbar spine. Ann Rheum Dis 35:127\u2013132","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"8009_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211000707","volume":"13","author":"ZY Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan ZY, Zhang J, Shan H, Liu TF et al (2023) Epidemiology of lumbar degenerative phenotypes of children and adolescents: a large-scale imaging study. Global Spine J 13(3):599\u2013608","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"8009_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199811010-00004","volume":"23","author":"V Fahey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fahey V, Opeskin K, Silberstein M, Anderson R, Briggs C (1998) The pathogenesis of Schmorl\u2019s nodes in relation to acute trauma:an autopsy study. Spine 23:2272\u20132275","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"8009_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199110000-00009","volume":"7","author":"G Walters","year":"1991","unstructured":"Walters G, Coumas JM, Akins CM, Ragland RL (1991) Magnetic resonance imaging of acute symptomatic Schmorl\u2019s node for-mation. Pediatr Emerg Care 7(5):294\u2013296","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-08009-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-023-08009-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-023-08009-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T16:09:12Z","timestamp":1706803752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-023-08009-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["8009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-023-08009-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted with the approval of the ethics committee of our university and in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients were required to provide written informed consent prior to participation.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All author had consent for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}