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Dr. Cammisa reports royalties from Accelus; ownership interest for 4WEB Medical\/4WEB, Inc.; Healthpoint Capital Partners, LP; ISPH II, LLC; ISPH 3 Holdings, LLC; Ivy Healthcare Capital Partners, LLC; Medical Device Partners II, LLC; Medical Device Partners III, LLC; Orthobond Corporation; Spine Biopharma, LLC; Tissue Differentiation Intelligence, LLC; VBVP VI, LLC; VBVP X, LLC; Woven Orthopedics Technologies; consulting fees from Spine Biopharma, LLC, and Accelus; membership of scientific advisory board\/other office of Healthpoint Capital Partners, Medical Device Partners II, LLC, Orthobond Corporation, Spine Biopharma, LLC, and Woven Orthopedic Technologies; and research support from 4WEB Medical\/4WEB, Inc., Camber Spine, and Centinel Spine, outside the submitted work. Dr. Hughes reports research support from Kuros Biosciences AG; and fellowship support from NuVasive, Inc. and Kuros Biosciences BV, outside the submitted work. Dr. Sokunbi receives consulting fees from Stryker and Camber spine.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the institutional review board of Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS-IRB #2015\u2013237). Written informed consent was waived.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}