{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:56:12Z","timestamp":1787763372596,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate feasibility, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and prospective validity of AO Spine CROST (Clinician Reported Outcome Spine Trauma) in the clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients were included from four trauma centers. Two surgeons with substantial amount of experience in spine trauma care were included from each center. Two separate questionnaires were administered at baseline, 6-months and 1-year: one to surgeons (mainly CROST) and another to patients (AO Spine PROST\u2014Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patient characteristics and feasibility, Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 for internal consistency. Inter-rater reliability through exact agreement, Kappa statistics and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Prospective analysis, and relationships between CROST and PROST were explored through descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 92 patients were included. CROST showed excellent feasibility results. Internal consistency (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.58\u20130.70) and reliability (ICC\u2009=\u20090.52 and 0.55) were moderate. Mean total scores between surgeons only differed 0.2\u20130.9 with exact agreement 48.9\u201357.6%. Exact agreement per CROST item showed good results (73.9\u201398.9%). Kappa statistics revealed moderate agreement for most CROST items. In the prospective analysis a trend was only seen when no concerns at all were expressed by the surgeon (CROST\u2009=\u20090), and moderate to strong positive Spearman correlations were found between CROST at baseline and the scores at follow-up (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.41\u20130.64). Comparing the CROST with PROST showed no specific association, nor any Spearman correlations (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.33\u20130.07).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The AO Spine CROST showed moderate validity in a true clinical setting including patients from the daily clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08145-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T13:01:55Z","timestamp":1708174915000},"page":"1607-1616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Validation of the AO Spine CROST (Clinician Reported Outcome Spine Trauma) in the clinical setting"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0893-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said","family":"Sadiqi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin E. A.","family":"de Gendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander P. J.","family":"Muijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel W. M.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorin M.","family":"Benneker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Holas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin W.","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph E.","family":"Albers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"H\u00e4ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Svac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Bransford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad M.","family":"El-Sharkawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Kandziora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanmuganathan","family":"Rajasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus J.","family":"Schnake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Cumhur","family":"Oner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"8145_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000950","volume":"31","author":"C Oner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oner C, Rajasekaran S, Chapman JR, Fehlings MG, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder GD et al (2017) Spine trauma-what are the current controversies? J Orthop Trauma 31(Suppl 4):S1\u2013S6","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"8145_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000945","volume":"31","author":"C Oner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oner C, Sadiqi S, Lehr AM, Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR (2017) The need of validated disease-specific outcome instruments for spine trauma. J Orthop Trauma 31(Suppl 4):S33\u2013S37","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"8145_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5032-8","volume":"26","author":"S Sadiqi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sadiqi S, Lehr AM, Post MW, Dvorak MF, Kandziora F, Rajasekaran S et al (2017) Development of the AOSpine Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma (AOSpine PROST): a universal disease-specific outcome instrument for individuals with traumatic spinal column injury. Eur Spine J 26(5):1550\u20131557","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"8145_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01410967","volume":"139","author":"OP Nygaard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nygaard OP, Kloster R, Dullerud R, Jacobsen EA, Mellgren SI (1997) No association between peridural scar and outcome after lumbar microdiscectomy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 139(12):1095\u20131100","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"8145_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witt I, Vestergaard A, Rosenklint A (1984) A comparative analysis of x-ray findings of the lumbar spine in patients with and without lumbar pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 9(3):298\u2013300","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198404000-00014"},{"issue":"10","key":"8145_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06518-0","volume":"29","author":"S Sadiqi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sadiqi S, Muijs SPJ, Renkens JJM, Post MW, Benneker LM, Chapman JR et al (2020) Development and reliability of the AOSpine CROST (Clinician Reported Outcome Spine Trauma): a tool to evaluate and predict outcomes from clinician\u2019s perspective. Eur Spine J 29(10):2550\u20132559","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8145_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terwee CB, Bot SDM, de Boer MR, van der Windt DlAWM, Knol DL, Dekker J, et al (2007) Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 60(1):34\u201342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012"},{"issue":"4","key":"8145_CR8","first-page":"730","volume":"19","author":"GR Dhakal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dhakal GR, Sadiqi S, Dhakal R, Dhungana S, Yadav PK, Shah G et al (2022) Reliability and validity of the adapted Nepali version of the AO spine patient reported outcome spine trauma. J Nepal Health Res Counc 19(4):730\u2013739","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"8145_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadiqi S, Dvorak MF, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder GD, Post MW, Benneker LM, et al (2020) Reliability and validity of the English version of the AOSpine PROST (Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma). Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 45(17):E1111-E1118","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003514"},{"key":"8145_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hackel S, Oswald KAC, Koller L, Benneker LM, Benneker LA, Sadiqi S, et al (2023) Reliability and Validity of the German Version of the AO Spine Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma Questionnaire. Global Spine J 21925682231156124","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231156124"},{"issue":"9","key":"8145_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06554-w","volume":"30","author":"S Sadiqi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sadiqi S, Post MW, Hosman AJ, Dvorak MF, Chapman JR, Benneker LM et al (2021) Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Dutch version of the AOSpine PROST (Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma). Eur Spine J 30(9):2631\u20132644","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"8145_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/10739149.2022.2124418","volume":"124","author":"M Holas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holas M, Gajdos R, Svac J, Holasova J, Valihorova M, Alberty R (2023) Translation, intercultural adaptation, and validation of the Slovak version of AOSpine patient reported outcome for spinal trauma tool. Bratisl Lek Listy 124(4):273\u2013276","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"issue":"3","key":"8145_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","volume":"22","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2012","unstructured":"McHugh ML (2012) Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 22(3):276\u2013282","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"8145_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadiqi S, Verlaan JJ, Lehr AM, Dvorak MF, Kandziora F, Rajasekaran S, et al (2016) Surgeon reported outcome measure for spine trauma: an international expert survey identifying parameters relevant for the outcome of subaxial cervical spine injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 41(24):E1453-E1459","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001683"},{"issue":"5","key":"8145_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4596-z","volume":"26","author":"S Sadiqi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sadiqi S, Verlaan JJ, Mechteld Lehr A, Dvorak MF, Kandziora F, Rajasekaran S et al (2017) Universal disease-specific outcome instruments for spine trauma: a global perspective on relevant parameters to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes of thoracic and lumbar spine trauma patients. Eur Spine J 26(5):1541\u20131549","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8145_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407143310201","volume":"331","author":"MC Jensen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS (1994) Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. N Engl J Med 331(2):69\u201373","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"8145_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0950-2","volume":"14","author":"VM Remes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Remes VM, Lamberg TS, Tervahartiala PO, Helenius IJ, Osterman K, Schlenzka D et al (2005) No correlation between patient outcome and abnormal lumbar MRI findings 21 years after posterior or posterolateral fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. Eur Spine J 14(9):833\u2013842","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"8145_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016647407161","volume":"9","author":"KA Wilson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wilson KA, Dowling AJ, Abdolell M, Tannock IF (2000) Perception of quality of life by patients, partners and treating physicians. Qual Life Res 9(9):1041\u20131052","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"7094","key":"8145_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7094.1580","volume":"314","author":"PM Rothwell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rothwell PM, McDowell Z, Wong CK, Dorman PJ (1997) Doctors and patients don\u2019t agree: cross sectional study of patients\u2019 and doctors\u2019 perceptions and assessments of disability in multiple sclerosis. BMJ 314(7094):1580\u20131583","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"8145_CR20","first-page":"1031","volume":"19","author":"CK Kwoh","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kwoh CK, O\u2019Connor GT, Regan-Smith MG, Olmstead EM, Brown LA, Burnett JB et al (1992) Concordance between clinician and patient assessment of physical and mental health status. J Rheumatol 19(7):1031\u20131037","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"8145_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vossen RJ, Ras D, Vahl AC, Leijdekkers VJ, Montauban van Swijndregt AD, Wisselink W, et al (2022) Correlation of patient-reported outcome measures and the ankle-brachial index in patients who underwent revascularization for peripheral artery disease. Vasc Med 1358863X221138879","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X221138879"},{"key":"8145_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadiqi S, Oner FC (2022) A disease-specific patient reported outcome instrument for spine trauma is developed, validated and available! Re: Andrzejowski et al. Measuring functional outcomes in major trauma: can we do better? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 49(3):1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02249-1"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08145-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08145-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08145-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T02:13:18Z","timestamp":1712283198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08145-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["8145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08145-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was organized and funded by AO Spine through the AO Spine Knowledge Forum Trauma, a focused group of international Trauma experts. AO Spine is a clinical division of the AO Foundation, which is an independent medically guided not-for-profit organization. Study support was provided directly through AO Network Clinical Research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}