{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:32:08Z","timestamp":1778311928496,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National University Ireland, Galway"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intra-Discal Vacuum phenomenon (IDVP) is well-recognised, yet poorly visualised and poorly understood radiological finding in disc degeneration, particularly with regard to its role in spinal alignment. CT analysis of the lumbar spine in an\u00a0aging population aims to identify patterns associated with IDVP including lumbopelvic morphology and associated spinal diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An analysis was performed of an over-60s population sample of 2020 unrelated abdominal CT scans, without acute spinal presentations. Spinal analysis included sagittal lumbopelvic reconstructions to assess for IDVP and pelvic incidence (PI). Subjects with degenerative pathologies, including previous vertebral fractures, auto-fusion, transitional vertebrae, and listhesis, were also selected out and analysed separately.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of lumbar spine IDVP was 50.3% (955\/1898) and increased with age (125 exclusions). This increased in severity towards the lumbosacral junction (L1L2 8.3%, L2L3 10.9%, L3L4 11.5%, L4L5 23.9%, and L5S1 46.3%). A lower PI yielded a higher incidence of IDVP, particularly at L5S1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). A total of 292 patients had IDVP with additional degenerative pathologies, which were more likely to occur at the level of isthmic spondylolisthesis, adjacent to a previous fracture or suprajacent to a lumbosacral transitional vertebra (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study identified the prevalence and severity of IDVP in an aging population.\u00a0Sagittal patterns that influence the pattern of IVDP, such as pelvic incidence and degenerative pathologies, provide novel insights into the function of aging spines.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08174-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T13:02:41Z","timestamp":1709125361000},"page":"2014-2021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intradiscal vacuum phenomenon matches lumbar spine degeneration patterns in an ageing population"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-8137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek T.","family":"Cawley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Simpkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Abrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Habash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rou Jiing","family":"Phua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaimie","family":"Langille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvis","family":"Matini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"McNamee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fayhaa","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cliona Nic","family":"Gabhann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Noorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padraig","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiden","family":"Devitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"8174_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3109\/00016923709132378","volume":"18","author":"W Magnusson","year":"1937","unstructured":"Magnusson W (1937) \u00dcber Die Bedingungen Des Hervortretens Der Wirklichen Gelenkspalte Auf Dem R\u00f6ntgenbilde. Acta Radiol 18:733\u2013741","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"8174_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.139.2.7220878","volume":"139","author":"D Resnick","year":"1981","unstructured":"Resnick D, Niwayama G, Guerra J Jr, Vint V, Usselman J (1981) Spinal vacuum phenomena: anatomical study and review. Radiology 139:341\u2013348","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"8174_CR3","first-page":"10","volume":"25","author":"G Camino-Willhuber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Camino-Willhuber G, Sch\u00f6nnagel L, Caffard T et al (2023) Severe intervertebral vacuum phenomenon is associated with higher preoperative low back pain, ODI, and indication for fusion in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Clin Spine Surg 25:10\u201397","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"8174_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2086-7","volume":"19","author":"K Murata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murata K, Akeda K, Takegami N et al (2018) Morphology of intervertebral disc ruptures evaluated by vacuum phenomenon using multi-detector computed tomography: association with lumbar disc degeneration and canal stenosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 19(1):1\u20133","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8174_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07122-0","volume":"31","author":"RM Kanna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanna RM, Hajare S, Thippeswamy PB, Shetty AP, Rajasekaran S (2022) Advanced disc degeneration, bi-planar instability and pathways of peri-discal gas suffusion contribute to pathogenesis of intradiscal vacuum phenomenon. Eur Spine J 31(3):755\u2013763","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2021.1994379","volume":"38","author":"M\u015e Ek\u015fi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ek\u015fi M\u015e, \u00d6zcan-Ek\u015fi EE, Akka\u015f A et al (2022) Intradiscal vacuum phenomenon and spinal degeneration: a cross-sectional analysis of 219 subjects. Curr Med Res Opin 38(2):255\u2013263","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"2","key":"8174_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5404-0","volume":"27","author":"A Sebaaly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sebaaly A, Grobost P, Mallam L, Roussouly P (2018) Description of the sagittal alignment of the degenerative human spine. Eur Spine J 27(2):489\u2013496","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"8174_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568220913006","volume":"11","author":"G Camino Willhuber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Camino Willhuber G, Bendersky M, De Cicco FL et al (2021) Development of a new therapy-oriented classification of intervertebral vacuum phenomenon with evaluation of intra-and interobserver reliabilities. Global Spine J 11(4):480\u2013487","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.14444\/7144","volume":"14","author":"JF Baker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baker JF, Robertson PA (2020) Segmental contributions to lumbar Lordosis: a computed tomography study. Int J Spine Surg 14(6):949\u2013955","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8174_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050038","volume":"7","author":"J Legaye","year":"1998","unstructured":"Legaye J, Duval-Beaupere G, Hecquet J, Marty C (1998) Pelvic incidence: a fundamental pelvic parameter for three-dimensional regulation of spinal sagittal curves. Eur Spine J 7(2):99\u2013103","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01834066","volume":"6","author":"S Seitsalo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Seitsalo S, Schlenzka D, Poussa M et al (1997) Disc degeneration in young patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis treated operatively or conservatively: a long-term follow-up. Eur Spine J 6:393\u2013397","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8174_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01301431","volume":"6","author":"S Vergauwen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vergauwen S, Parizel PM, Van Breusegem L et al (1997) Distribution and incidence of degenerative spine changes in patients with a lumbo-sacral transitional vertebra. Eur Spine J 6:168\u2013172","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07114-0","volume":"31","author":"J Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu J, Liu YY, Jin HJ et al (2022) Fate of the intervertebral disc and analysis of its risk factors following high-energy traumatic thoracic and lumbar fractures: MRI results of minimum five years after injury. Eur Spine J 31(6):1468\u20131478","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2462-1","volume":"22","author":"J Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang ZF et al (2013) Radiological study on disc degeneration of thoracolumbar burst fractures treated by percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. Eur Spine J 22:489\u2013494","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8174_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06590-6","volume":"30","author":"F Sch\u00f6mig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6mig F, Palmowski Y, Nikiforov I et al (2021) Burst fractures lead to a fracture-associated intervertebral vacuum phenomenon: a case series of 305 traumatic fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. Eur Spine J 30:3068\u20133073","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2492-8","volume":"22","author":"N Lang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lang N, Yuan HS, Wang HL et al (2013) Epidemiological survey of ossification of the ligamentum flavum in thoracic spine: CT imaging observation of 993 cases. Eur Spine J 22:857\u2013862","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"8174_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.03.003","volume":"19","author":"CD Chaput","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaput CD, Siddiqui M, Rahm MD (2019) Obesity and calcification of the ligaments of the spine: a comprehensive CT analysis of the entire spine in a random trauma population. Spine J 19(8):1346\u20131353","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"8174_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1257-5","volume":"19","author":"L Kalichman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalichman L, Hodges P, Li L, Guermazi A, Hunter DJ (2010) Changes in paraspinal muscles and their association with low back pain and spinal degeneration: CT study. Eur Spine J 19:1136\u20131144","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"8174_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f4d212","volume":"36","author":"G Keorochana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keorochana G, Taghavi CE, Lee KB et al (2011) Effect of sagittal alignment on kinematic changes and degree of disc degeneration in the lumbar spine: an analysis using positional MRI. Spine 36(11):893\u2013898","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"8174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06204-w","volume":"29","author":"S Imagama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Imagama S, Ando K, Kobayashi K et al (2020) Impact of pelvic incidence on lumbar osteophyte formation and disc degeneration in middle-aged and elderly people in a prospective cross-sectional cohort. Eur Spine J 29:2262\u20132271","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8174_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1083","volume":"3","author":"U Zehra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zehra U, Cheung JP, Bow C et al (2020) Spinopelvic alignment predicts disc calcification, displacement, and Modic changes: evidence of an evolutionary etiology for clinically-relevant spinal phenotypes. JOR Spine 3(1):e1083","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"8174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0838-6","volume":"13","author":"X Wei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei X, Gengwu L, Chao C et al (2018) Correlations between the sagittal plane parameters of the spine and pelvis and lumbar disc degeneration. J Orthop Surg Res 13(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"28","key":"8174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05932-3","volume":"1","author":"T Fujishiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujishiro T, Boissi\u00e8re L, Cawley DT et al (2019) Adult spinal deformity surgical decision-making score: part 1: development and validation of a scoring system to guide the selection of treatment modalities for patients below 40 years with adult spinal deformity. Eur Spine J 1(28):1652\u20131660","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"8174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001770","volume":"42","author":"G Yoshida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoshida G, Boissiere L, Larrieu D et al (2017) Advantages and disadvantages of adult spinal deformity surgery and its impact on health-related quality of life. Spine 42(6):411\u2013419","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"8174_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-014-3060-1","volume":"44","author":"PP Varga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Varga PP, Jakab G, Bors IB et al (2015) Experiences with PMMA cement as a stand-alone intervertebral spacer. Orthopade 44:1\u20138","journal-title":"Orthopade"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08174-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08174-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08174-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T09:07:42Z","timestamp":1718615262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08174-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["8174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08174-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest regarding financial, consultant, institutional, or any other relationships on behalf of any authors. No funding was received for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest and source of funding"}},{"value":"Approved.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"IRB approval\/research ethics committee"}},{"value":"All data were anonymized at the source and maintained for the purpose of research as an electronic database available for scrutiny.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data access statement"}}]}}