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However, the biomechanical quantities and consequences after VBT surgery remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the spinal biomechanics during different motions using a multibody simulation approach.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The tether and intervertebral compression forces were simulated in a validated spine model during different physiological movements at different pre-tensions and screw positions, while considering the anatomical muscle and ligament properties.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The simulations showed that an augmentation of the pre-tension and an alteration of the screw position have both significant impact on the intervertebral compression and tether forces. The forces also vary depending on the movement performed, with the highest tether forces measured during lateral bending. In the upright position, with a pre-tension of 200\u00a0N, the maximum compression force increases by up to 157% compared to the untethered maximum compression force. The screw position can lead to large differences in the distribution of forces in the spine.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The biomechanical data provide a first impression of the forces that occur along the spine during various physiological movements and are consistent with published clinical data. Forces are not evenly distributed along the spine, with higher lumbar forces. The tether forces reach values during lateral bending that can potentially destroy the tether\u00b4s integrity and thus may explain the common post-operative complication, namely tether breakage. The results of the model can therefore have an impact on future directions for improved surgical VBT treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08480-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T11:11:39Z","timestamp":1727608299000},"page":"4049-4061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A multibody simulation of the spine for objectification of biomechanical quantities after VBT: a proof of concept and description of baseline data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9370-5786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jil","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Pishnamaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Ignasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per David","family":"Trobisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hildebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6346-0253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Praster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"8480_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113161","volume":"11","author":"J Meyers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyers J, Eaker L, Zhang J, Pauli Di, von Treuheim T, Lonner B (2022) Vertebral body tethering in 49 adolescent patients after peak height velocity for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis: 2\u20135 year follow-up. 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