{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T06:44:17Z","timestamp":1776753857891,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-08771-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T04:16:12Z","timestamp":1744949772000},"page":"2453-2466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Early functional training is not superior to routine rehabilitation in improving walking distance and multifidus atrophy after lumbar fusion: a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hongyuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quanwei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiyi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6287-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"8771_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-022-02750-6","volume":"61","author":"K Pradeep","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pradeep K, Pal B (2023) Biomechanical and clinical studies on lumbar spine fusion surgery: a review. Med Biol Eng Comput 61(3):617\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-022-02750-6","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"10070","key":"8771_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9","volume":"389","author":"C Maher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R (2017) Non-specific low back pain. Lancet 389(10070):736\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"8771_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0757-1","volume":"23","author":"I Urits","year":"2019","unstructured":"Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V et al (2019) Low back pain, a comprehensive review: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Curr Pain Headache Rep 23(3):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-019-0757-1","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07468-0","volume":"25","author":"T Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou T, Salman D, McGregor AH (2024) Recent clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain: a global comparison. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 25(1):344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07468-0","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14274","volume":"21","author":"DK Resnick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Resnick DK, Watters WC 3rd, Sharan A, Mummaneni PV, Dailey AT, Wang JC et al (2014) Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 9: lumbar fusion for stenosis with spondylolisthesis. J Neurosurg Spine 21(1):54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14274","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"8771_CR6","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management","author":"National Guideline Centre (UK)","year":"2016","unstructured":"National Guideline Centre (UK) (2016) Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London, p 59"},{"issue":"2","key":"8771_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.014","volume":"13","author":"RA Hart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hart RA, Pro SL, Gundle KR, Marshall LM (2013) Lumbar stiffness as a collateral outcome of spinal arthrodesis: a preliminary clinical study. Spine J 13(2):150\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8771_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.12.001","volume":"13","author":"RA Hart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hart RA, Gundle KR, Pro SL, Marshall LM (2013) Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index: pilot testing of consistency, reliability, and validity. Spine J 13(2):157\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.12.001","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0853-7","volume":"13","author":"D Kernc","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kernc D, Strojnik V, Vengust R (2018) Early initiation of a strength training based rehabilitation after lumbar spine fusion improves core muscle strength: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res 13(1):151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-018-0853-7","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"8771_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.690496","volume":"35","author":"S Tarnanen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tarnanen S, Neva MH, Kautiainen H, Ylinen J, Pekkanen L, Kaistila T et al (2013) The early changes in trunk muscle strength and disability following lumbar spine fusion. Disabil Rehabil 35(2):134\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2012.690496","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"8771_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucir.2018.11.006","volume":"30","author":"A Palpan Flores","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palpan Flores A, Garc\u00eda Feijoo P, Isla Guerrero A (2019) Paraspinal muscle atrophy after posterior lumbar surgery with and without pedicle screw fixation with the classic technique. Neurocirugia 30(2):69\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucir.2018.11.006","journal-title":"Neurocirugia"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04943-w","volume":"22","author":"GX Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin GX, Ma YM, Xiao YC, Xiang D, Luo JX, Zhang GW et al (2021) The effect of posterior lumbar dynamic fixation and intervertebral fusion on paraspinal muscles. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22(1):1049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04943-w","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.3.SPINE14997","volume":"24","author":"P Strube","year":"2016","unstructured":"Strube P, Putzier M, Streitparth F, Hoff EK, Hartwig T (2016) Postoperative posterior lumbar muscle changes and their relationship to segmental motion preservation or restriction: a randomized prospective study. J Neurosurg Spine 24(1):25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.3.SPINE14997","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"8771_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12402","volume":"10","author":"HF Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu HF, Wang GL, Zhou ZJ, Fan SW (2018) Prospective study of long-term effect between multifidus muscle bundle and conventional open approach in one-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Orthop Surg 10(4):296\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.12402","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"8771_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07158-2","volume":"31","author":"L Bogaert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogaert L, Thys T, Depreitere B, Dankaerts W, Amerijckx C, Van Wambeke P et al (2022) Rehabilitation to improve outcomes of lumbar fusion surgery: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 31(6):1525\u20131545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07158-2","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8771_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.143","volume":"163","author":"F \u00d6zden","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00d6zden F (2022) The effectiveness of physical exercise after lumbar fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg 163:e396\u2013e412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.143","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"8771_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-23-0015","volume":"8","author":"TP Barbosa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barbosa TP, Raposo AR, Cunha PD, Cruz Oliveira N, Lobarinhas A, Varanda P et al (2023) Rehabilitation after cervical and lumbar spine surgery. EFORT Open Rev 8(8):626\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EOR-23-0015","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"8771_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.23.07735-3","volume":"59","author":"L Bogaert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bogaert L, Thys T, Depreitere B, van Wambeke P, Dankaerts W, Brumagne S et al (2023) Best practice rehabilitation pathway for the management of single and double-level lumbar fusion surgery: a modified Delphi Study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 59(3):377\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S1973-9087.23.07735-3","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2245056.528","volume":"20","author":"H Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng H, Liu J, Shi L, Hei X (2023) The rehabilitation-related effects on the fear, pain, and disability of patients with lumbar fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurospine 20(1):278\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14245\/ns.2245056.528","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"issue":"8","key":"8771_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d1049f","volume":"35","author":"AD Abbott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbott AD, Tyni-Lenn\u00e9 R, Hedlund R (2010) Early rehabilitation targeting cognition, behavior, and motor function after lumbar fusion: a randomized controlled trial. Spine 35(8):848\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d1049f","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"8771_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.SPINE151132","volume":"26","author":"CS Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee CS, Kang KC, Chung SS, Park WH, Shin WJ, Seo YG (2017) How does back muscle strength change after posterior lumbar interbody fusion? J Neurosurg Spine 26(2):163\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.7.SPINE151132","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2889-z","volume":"23","author":"M Monticone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monticone M, Ferrante S, Teli M, Rocca B, Foti C, Lovi A et al (2014) Management of catastrophising and kinesiophobia improves rehabilitation after fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis and stenosis. A randomised controlled trial. Eur Spine J 23(1):87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2889-z","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2014.04.010","volume":"101","author":"A Peolsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peolsson A, Peolsson M, Jull G, L\u00f6fstedt T, Trygg J, O\u2019Leary S (2015) Preliminary evaluation of dorsal muscle activity during resisted cervical extension in patients with longstanding pain and disability following anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery. Physiotherapy 101(1):69\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physio.2014.04.010","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"8771_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2796","volume":"39","author":"LJ Distefano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Distefano LJ, Blackburn JT, Marshall SW, Padua DA (2009) Gluteal muscle activation during common therapeutic exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 39(7):532\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2009.2796","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"8771_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2471","volume":"37","author":"RA Ekstrom","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, Carp KC (2007) Electromyographic analysis of core trunk, hip, and thigh muscles during 9 rehabilitation exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 37(12):754\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2007.2471","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"8771_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.23819","volume":"82","author":"JP Arokoski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arokoski JP, Valta T, Airaksinen O, Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4 M (2001) Back and abdominal muscle function during stabilization exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82(8):1089\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/apmr.2001.23819","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"8771_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.029","volume":"86","author":"KL Davidson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Davidson KL, Hubley-Kozey CL (2005) Trunk muscle responses to demands of an exercise progression to improve dynamic spinal stability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86(2):216\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.029","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"8771_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.SPINE16627","volume":"26","author":"M Madera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Madera M, Brady J, Deily S, McGinty T, Moroz L, Singh D et al (2017) The role of physical therapy and rehabilitation after lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative disease: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine 26(6):694\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.10.SPINE16627","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"8771_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.10.014","volume":"157","author":"P Agarwala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agarwala P, Salzman SH (2020) Six-minute walk test: clinical role, technique, coding, and reimbursement. Chest 157(3):603\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2019.10.014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1378-z","volume":"18","author":"RJ Crawford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crawford RJ, Cornwall J, Abbott R, Elliott JM (2017) Manually defining regions of interest when quantifying paravertebral muscles fatty infiltration from axial magnetic resonance imaging: a proposed method for the lumbar spine with anatomical cross-reference. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-016-1378-z","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"8771_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05958-7","volume":"28","author":"D Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie D, Zhang J, Ding W, Yang S, Yang D, Ma L et al (2019) Abnormal change of paravertebral muscle in adult degenerative scoliosis and its association with bony structural parameters. Eur Spine J 28(7):1626\u20131637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-05958-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"8771_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.09.020","volume":"17","author":"DS Brodke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brodke DS, Goz V, Lawrence BD, Spiker WR, Neese A, Hung M (2017) Oswestry Disability Index: a psychometric analysis with 1,610 patients. Spine J 17(3):321\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.09.020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"8771_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(98)00081-x","volume":"51","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Gandek B (1998) Overview of the SF-36 health survey and the international quality of life assessment (IQOLA) project. J Clin Epidemiol 51(11):903\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0895-4356(98)00081-x","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8771_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2008.2658","volume":"38","author":"JA Hides","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hides JA, Stanton WR, McMahon S, Sims K, Richardson CA (2008) Effect of stabilization training on multifidus muscle cross-sectional area among young elite cricketers with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 38(3):101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2008.2658","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"8771_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-150596","volume":"28","author":"I Kliziene","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kliziene I, Sipaviciene S, Klizas S, Imbrasiene D (2015) Effects of core stability exercises on multifidus muscles in healthy women and women with chronic low-back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 28(4):841\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/BMR-150596","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"8771_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-141831","volume":"50","author":"JM Mayer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mayer JM, Nuzzo JL (2015) Worksite back and core exercise in firefighters: effect on development of lumbar multifidus muscle size. Work 50(4):621\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/WOR-141831","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"3","key":"8771_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003007","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003007","volume":"2014","author":"T Oosterhuis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oosterhuis T, Costa LO, Maher CG, de Vet HC, van Tulder MW, Ostelo RW (2014) Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014(3):CD003007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E28","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001132","volume":"41","author":"J Greenwood","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greenwood J, McGregor A, Jones F, Mullane J, Hurley M (2016) Rehabilitation following lumbar fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine 41(1):E28-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001132","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"8771_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065202","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1065202","volume":"2020","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Huo Y, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Yang D, Yang S et al (2020) Clinical rehabilitation effect of postoperative lower-limb training on the patients undergoing OLIF surgery: a retrospective study. Pain Res Manag 2020:1065202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/1065202","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"8","key":"8771_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.01.001","volume":"14","author":"H Tsao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsao H, Galea MP, Hodges PW (2010) Driving plasticity in the motor cortex in recurrent low back pain. Eur J Pain 14(8):832\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.01.001","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"8771_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2019.8451","volume":"49","author":"JA Hides","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hides JA, Donelson R, Lee D, Prather H, Sahrmann SA, Hodges PW (2019) Convergence and divergence of exercise-based approaches that incorporate motor control for the management of low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 49(6):437\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2019.8451","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04858-6","volume":"22","author":"SS Hlaing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hlaing SS, Puntumetakul R, Khine EE, Boucaut R (2021) Effects of core stabilization exercise and strengthening exercise on proprioception, balance, muscle thickness and pain related outcomes in patients with subacute nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22(1):998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04858-6","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.09.013","volume":"17","author":"KR Archer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Archer KR, Devin CJ, Vanston SW, Koyama T, Phillips SE, Mathis SL et al (2016) Cognitive-behavioral-based physical therapy for patients with chronic pain undergoing lumbar spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain 17(1):76\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.09.013","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"8771_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2014.06.007","volume":"101","author":"SJ Gilmore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gilmore SJ, McClelland JA, Davidson M (2015) Physiotherapeutic interventions before and after surgery for degenerative lumbar conditions: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 101(2):111\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physio.2014.06.007","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003221","volume":"45","author":"RT Paulsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paulsen RT, Carreon LY, Andersen M\u00d8 (2020) Patient-reported outcomes after surgery for lumbar disc herniation, a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of referral to municipal physical rehabilitation versus no referral. Spine 45(1):3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003221","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.09.019","volume":"20","author":"RT Paulsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paulsen RT, Rasmussen J, Carreon LY, Andersen M\u00d8 (2020) Return to work after surgery for lumbar disc herniation, secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial comparing supervised rehabilitation versus home exercises. Spine J 20(1):41\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.09.019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"8771_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2017.05.016","volume":"63","author":"T Oosterhuis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oosterhuis T, Ostelo RW, van Dongen JM, Peul WC, de Boer MR, Bosmans JE et al (2017) Early rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery is not effective or cost-effective compared to no referral: a randomised trial and economic evaluation. J Physiother 63(3):144\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2017.05.016","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"issue":"1","key":"8771_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3104-0","volume":"21","author":"SM Cho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cho SM, Kim SH, Ha SK, Kim SD, Lim DJ, Cha J et al (2020) Paraspinal muscle changes after single-level posterior lumbar fusion: volumetric analyses and literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21(1):73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-020-3104-0","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"8771_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070347","volume":"55","author":"M Low","year":"2019","unstructured":"Low M, Burgess LC, Wainwright TW (2019) A critical analysis of the exercise prescription and return to activity advice that is provided in patient information leaflets following lumbar spine surgery. Medicina (Kaunas) 55(7):347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina55070347","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"8771_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199206000-00016","volume":"279","author":"NA Ebraheim","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ebraheim NA, Savolaine ER, Stitgen SH, Jackson WT (1992) Magnetic resonance imaging after pedicular screw fixation of the spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 279:133\u2013137","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08771-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08771-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08771-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:33:15Z","timestamp":1751369595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08771-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["8771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08771-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Approval number: ChiCTR2300068296). The ethical approval from the Guanghua Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was obtained before the commencement of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants in this study provided signed informed consent forms (ICF).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human or animal rights"}}]}}