{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:58:06Z","timestamp":1793318286389,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China","award":["No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0853"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine scientific research project","award":["No.2024ZYZD006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2024ZYZD006"]}]},{"name":"The Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["Grant No.KJQN202215120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No.KJQN202215120"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-08795-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T17:57:24Z","timestamp":1742407044000},"page":"2052-2065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Mendelian randomization study to reveal gut-disc axis: causal associations between gut microbiota with intervertebral disc diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yuanxin","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"8795_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S180018","volume":"11","author":"B Peng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peng B, DePalma MJ (2018) Cervical disc degeneration and neck pain. J Pain Res 11:2853\u20132857","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"8795_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E109","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318221b5af","volume":"37","author":"L Gebremariam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gebremariam L, Koes BW, Peul WC, Huisstede BM (2012) Evaluation of treatment effectiveness for the herniated cervical disc: a systematic review. Spine 37:E109\u2013118","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"8795_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatsushiro A, Tawaki Y, Murakami T (2023) A Method of Predicting Posture-related Pain Using Biomechanical Parameters for Patients with Lumbar Spinal Disc Herniation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference 2023:1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC40787.2023.10340117"},{"key":"8795_CR4","first-page":"1233","volume":"49","author":"T Yasuhara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yasuhara T, Sasada S, Date I (2021) [Lumbar degenerative disease:key for diagnosis]. No Shinkei Geka Neurol Surg 49:1233\u20131245","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka Neurol Surg"},{"key":"8795_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1608823","volume":"79","author":"A Romagna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romagna A, Troeltzsch M, Birkenmaier C, Schwartz C, Suchorska B, Zausinger S (2018) Oral cavity infection: an underestimated source of pyogenic spondylodiscitis?? J Neurol Surg Part Cent Eur Neurosurg 79:218\u2013223","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg Part Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"key":"8795_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00104","volume":"6","author":"K Shenoy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shenoy K, Singla A, Krystal JD, Razi AE, Kim YH, Sharan AD (2018) Discitis in adults. JBJS Reviews 6:e6","journal-title":"JBJS Reviews"},{"key":"8795_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116593","volume":"174","author":"Q Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia Q, Zhao Y, Dong H, Mao Q, Zhu L, Xia J, Weng Z, Liao W, Hu Z, Yi J et al (2024) Progress in the study of molecular mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie 174:116593","journal-title":"Biomed pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"8795_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604179","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.604179","volume":"11","author":"A Rutsch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rutsch A, Kantsj\u00f6 JB, Ronchi F (2020) The Gut-Brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology. Front Immunol 11:604179","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8795_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005155","volume":"132","author":"W Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding W, You Z, Chen Q, Yang L, Doheny J, Zhou X, Li N, Wang S, Hu K, Chen L et al (2021) Gut microbiota influences neuropathic pain through modulating Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory T cells. Anesth Analg 132:1146\u20131155","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"8795_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166972","volume":"1870","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Chen T, Zhou Y, Li X (2024) Palmitic acid and trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate, the active ingredients of Yaobishu formula, reduce inflammation and pain by regulating gut microbiota and metabolic changes after lumbar disc herniation to activate autophagy and the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1870:166972","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"8795_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06446-z","volume":"29","author":"S Rajasekaran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajasekaran S, Soundararajan DCR, Tangavel C, Muthurajan R, Sri Vijay Anand KS, Matchado MS, Nayagam SM, Shetty AP, Kanna RM, Dharmalingam K (2020) Human intervertebral discs harbour a unique Microbiome and dysbiosis determines health and disease. Eur Spine J 29:1621\u20131640","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8795_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100946","volume":"55","author":"E Biver","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biver E, Berenbaum F, Valdes AM, Araujo de Carvalho I, Bindels LB, Brandi ML, Calder PC, Castronovo V, Cavalier E, Cherubini A et al (2019) Gut microbiota and osteoarthritis management: an expert consensus of the European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases (ESCEO). Ageing Res Rev 55:100946","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"8795_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12873-4","volume":"10","author":"CG Boer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boer CG, Radjabzadeh D, Medina-Gomez C, Garmaeva S, Schiphof D, Arp P, Koet T, Kurilshikov A, Fu J, Ikram MA et al (2019) Intestinal Microbiome composition and its relation to joint pain and inflammation. Nat Commun 10:4881","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"8795_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00585-3","volume":"17","author":"MM Zaiss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zaiss MM, Joyce Wu HJ, Mauro D, Schett G, Ciccia F (2021) The gut-joint axis in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 17:224\u2013237","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"8795_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13158","volume":"195","author":"F De Luca","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Luca F, Shoenfeld Y (2019) The Microbiome in autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 195:74\u201385","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"8795_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tajik N, Frech M, Schulz O, Sch\u00e4lter F, Lucas S, Azizov V, D\u00fcrholz K, Steffen F, Omata Y, Rings A et al (2020) Targeting zonulin and intestinal epithelial barrier function to prevent onset of arthritis. Nature communications 11:1995","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15831-7"},{"key":"8795_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290858","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1290858","volume":"14","author":"T Morimoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morimoto T, Kobayashi T, Kakiuchi T, Esaki M, Tsukamoto M, Yoshihara T, Hirata H, Yabuki S, Mawatari M (2023) Gut-spine axis: a possible correlation between gut microbiota and spinal degenerative diseases. Front Microbiol 14:1290858","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"8795_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.02.001","volume":"29","author":"B van der Hee","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Hee B, Wells JM (2021) Microbial regulation of host physiology by Short-chain fatty acids. Trends Microbiol 29:700\u2013712","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"8795_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munawar N, Ahsan K, Muhammad K, Ahmad A, Anwar MA, Shah I, Al Ameri AK, Al Mughairbi F (2021) Hidden role of gut Microbiome dysbiosis in schizophrenia: antipsychotics or psychobiotics as therapeutics?? Int J Mol Sci 22","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147671"},{"key":"8795_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3914","volume":"21","author":"X Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang D, Jia H, Feng Q, Wang D, Liang D, Wu X, Li J, Tang L, Li Y et al (2015) The oral and gut microbiomes are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis and partly normalized after treatment. Nat Med 21:895\u2013905","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"8795_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","volume":"23","author":"G Davey Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davey Smith G, Hemani G (2014) Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet 23:R89\u201398","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"8795_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birney E (2022) Mendelian Randomization. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 12","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041302"},{"key":"8795_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu229","volume":"44","author":"S Scholtens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scholtens S, Smidt N, Swertz MA, Bakker SJ, Dotinga A, Vonk JM, van Dijk F, van Zon SK, Wijmenga C, Wolffenbuttel BH, Stolk RP (2015) Cohort profile: lifelines, a three-generation cohort study and biobank. Int J Epidemiol 44:1172\u20131180","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"8795_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","volume":"613","author":"MI Kurki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurki MI, Karjalainen J, Palta P, Sipil\u00e4 TP, Kristiansson K, Donner KM, Reeve MP, Laivuori H, Aavikko M, Kaunisto MA et al (2023) FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature 613:508\u2013518","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8795_CR25","unstructured":"Kurki MI, Karjalainen J, Palta P, Sipil\u00e4 TP, Kristiansson K, Donner K, Reeve MP, Laivuori H, Aavikko M, Kaunisto MA et al FinnGen: unique genetic insights from combining isolated population and National health register data. 2022:2022.2003.2003.22271360"},{"key":"8795_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.08.003","volume":"29","author":"XH Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu XH, Yang YQ, Cao RR, Bo L, Lei SF (2021) The causal role of gut microbiota in development of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil 29:1741\u20131750","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"8795_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","volume":"526","author":"A Auton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, Korbel JO, Marchini JL, McCarthy S, McVean GA, Abecasis GR (2015) A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526:68\u201374","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8795_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210394459","volume":"21","author":"TM Palmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palmer TM, Lawlor DA, Harbord RM, Sheehan NA, Tobias JH, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G, Sterne JA (2012) Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors. Stat Methods Med Res 21:223\u2013242","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"8795_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000559","volume":"28","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, Bowden J, Fall T, Ingelsson E, Thompson SG (2017) Sensitivity analyses for robust causal inference from Mendelian randomization analyses with multiple genetic variants. Epidemiol (Cambridge Mass) 28:30\u201342","journal-title":"Epidemiol (Cambridge Mass)"},{"key":"8795_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","volume":"40","author":"J Bowden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S (2016) Consistent Estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol 40:304\u2013314","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"8795_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j5375","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5375","volume":"359","author":"SC Larsson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Larsson SC, Traylor M, Malik R, Dichgans M, Burgess S, Markus HS (2017) Modifiable pathways in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis. BMJ (Clinical Res ed) 359:j5375","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res ed)"},{"key":"8795_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8271","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S487936","volume":"17","author":"Y Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Y, Li Z, Duan J, Liu E, Sun F, Yang L, Chen L, Yang S (2024) Unveiling the Gut-Disc axis: how Microbiome dysbiosis accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration. J Inflamm Res 17:8271\u20138280","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"8795_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70005","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70005","volume":"7","author":"K Aboushaala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aboushaala K, Chee AV, Adnan D, Toro SJ, Singh H, Savoia A, Dhillon ES, Yuh C, Dourdourekas J, Patel IK et al (2024) Gut Microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis in symptomatic patients. JOR Spine 7:e70005","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"8795_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1403","volume":"57","author":"PD Cani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Waget Al, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM (2008) Burcelin Rm: changes in gut microbiota control metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced inflammation in High-Fat Diet\u2013Induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 57:1470\u20131481","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"8795_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garvey M (2023) The association between dysbiosis and neurological conditions often manifesting with chronic pain. Biomedicines 11","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030748"},{"key":"8795_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04081-0","volume":"18","author":"Z Geng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Geng Z, Wang J, Chen G, Liu J, Lan J, Zhang Z, Miao J (2023) Gut microbiota and intervertebral disc degeneration: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Orthop Surg Res 18:601","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"8795_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07152-8","volume":"31","author":"W Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li W, Lai K, Chopra N, Zheng Z, Das A, Diwan AD (2022) Gut-disc axis: A cause of intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain? Eur Spine J 31:917\u2013925","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8795_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00084","volume":"5","author":"NO Kaakoush","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaakoush NO (2015) Insights into the role of Erysipelotrichaceae in the human host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 5:84","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"8795_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294692","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1294692","volume":"14","author":"J Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma J, Zhu Z, Yishajiang Y, Alarjani KM, Hong L, Luo L (2023) Role of gut microbiota and inflammatory factors in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Microbiol 14:1294692","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"8795_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00277","volume":"10","author":"D Parada Venegas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parada Venegas D, De la Fuente MK, Landskron G, Gonz\u00e1lez MJ, Quera R, Dijkstra G, Harmsen HJM, Faber KN, Hermoso MA (2019) Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-Mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 10:277","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"8795_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03804-3","volume":"24","author":"D Teng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Teng D, Jia W, Wang W, Liao L, Xu B, Gong L, Dong H, Zhong L, Yang J (2024) Causality of the gut Microbiome and atherosclerosis-related lipids: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 24:138","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"8795_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.69","volume":"2","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J, Xiao Y, Li D, Zhang S, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Bai W (2023) New insights into the mechanisms of high-fat diet mediated gut microbiota in chronic diseases. iMeta 2:e69","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"key":"8795_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1299","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1299","volume":"6","author":"HM Kenawy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kenawy HM, Nu\u00f1ez MI, Morales X, Lisiewski LE, Burt KG, Kim MKM, Campos L, Kiridly N, Hung CT, Chahine NO (2023) Sex differences in the Biomechanical and biochemical responses of caudal rat intervertebral discs to injury. JOR Spine 6:e1299","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"8795_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924692","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.924692","volume":"10","author":"P Bermudez-Lekerika","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bermudez-Lekerika P, Crump KB, Tseranidou S, N\u00fcesch A, Kanelis E, Alminnawi A, Baumgartner L, Mu\u00f1oz-Moya E, Compte R, Gualdi F et al (2022) Immuno-Modulatory effects of intervertebral disc cells. Front Cell Dev Biology 10:924692","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biology"},{"key":"8795_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10499","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102472","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, He F, Chen Z, Su Q, Yan M, Zhang Q, Tan J, Qian L, Han Y (2019) Melatonin modulates IL-1\u03b2-induced extracellular matrix remodeling in human nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates rat intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation. Aging 11:10499\u201310512","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"8795_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02193-3","volume":"21","author":"J Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu J, Liu M, Zhou M, Wu L, Yang H, Huang L, Chen C (2021) Isolation and genomic characterization of five novel strains of Erysipelotrichaceae from commercial pigs. BMC Microbiol 21:125","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"8795_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berm\u00fadez-Humar\u00e1n LG, Salinas E, Ortiz GG, Ramirez-Jirano LJ, Morales JA, Bitzer-Quintero OK (2019) From probiotics to psychobiotics: live beneficial bacteria which act on the Brain-Gut axis. Nutrients 11","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040890"},{"key":"8795_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azad MAK, Sarker M, Li T, Yin J (2018) Probiotic Species in the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: An Overview. BioMed research international 2018:9478630","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9478630"},{"key":"8795_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290756","volume":"8","author":"HD Holscher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holscher HD (2017) Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the Gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes 8:172\u2013184","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8795_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2015.1080105","volume":"34","author":"B Sears","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sears B (2015) Anti-inflammatory diets. J Am Coll Nutr 34(Suppl 1):14\u201321","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"8795_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1675-6","volume":"25","author":"E Mazza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazza E, Ferro Y, Pujia R, Mare R, Maurotti S, Montalcini T, Pujia A (2021) Mediterranean diet in healthy aging. J Nutr Health Aging 25:1076\u20131083","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"8795_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113421","volume":"173","author":"Z Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin Z, Zhang X, Wu M, Ming Y, Wang X, Li H, Huang F, Gao F, Zhu Y (2023) High-fiber diet and rope-skipping benefit cardiometabolic health and modulate gut microbiota in young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Food Res Int (Ottawa Ont) 173:113421","journal-title":"Food Res Int (Ottawa Ont)"},{"key":"8795_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levy RB, Barata MF, Leite MA, Andrade GC (2024) How and why ultra-processed foods harm human health. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 83:1\u20138","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665123003567"},{"key":"8795_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz149","volume":"110","author":"MI Zafar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zafar MI, Mills KE, Zheng J, Regmi A, Hu SQ, Gou L, Chen LL (2019) Low-glycemic index diets as an intervention for diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 110:891\u2013902","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"8795_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00992-y","volume":"54","author":"EA Lopera-Maya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopera-Maya EA, Kurilshikov A, van der Graaf A, Hu S, Andreu-S\u00e1nchez S, Chen L, Vila AV, Gacesa R, Sinha T, Collij V et al (2022) Effect of host genetics on the gut Microbiome in 7,738 participants of the Dutch Microbiome project. Nat Genet 54:143\u2013151","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"8795_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04894-5","volume":"22","author":"K Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu K, Luo Q, Liu Y, Li A, Xia D, Sun X (2024) Causal relationship between gut microbiota and Gastrointestinal diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. J Translational Med 22:92","journal-title":"J Translational Med"},{"key":"8795_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong S, Chen L, Zhou X, Huang Y, Tian Y, Hu H, Yu B, Wu H, Yang C, Lv Z, Lv L (2024) Genetically predicted causal effects of gut microbiota on spinal pain: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. 15","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1357303"},{"key":"8795_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-08059-8","volume":"33","author":"D Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng D, Wu Z, Li L, Cheng S, Chang J (2024) Genetic analysis of the causal relationship between gut microbiota and intervertebral disc degeneration: a two-sample Mendelian randomized study. Eur Spine J 33:1986\u20131998","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8795_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai B, Luo L, Yao F, Sun Q, Chen X, Zheng W, Jiang L, Wang X, Su G (2024) The causal relationship between the human gut microbiota and pyogenic arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study. 14","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1452480"},{"key":"8795_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01424-7","volume":"16","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Chen Y, Peng C (2024) Causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic complications: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 16:202","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08795-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08795-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08795-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:33:28Z","timestamp":1751369608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08795-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["8795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08795-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}