{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:12:36Z","timestamp":1789737156929,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01EB021396-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01EB021396-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01EB021396-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01EB021396-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01EB021396-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01EB021396-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01EB021396-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01EB021396-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014715","name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014715","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-08969-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T02:14:10Z","timestamp":1749262450000},"page":"2662-2668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bone-enhanced 3D ultrasound: a non-ionizing alternative for pediatric scoliosis assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Tamas","family":"Ungi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine O.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J. D.","family":"Dance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Lawall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg","family":"Khodorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Fichtinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Oetgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Borschneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"8969_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8152","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18158152","volume":"18","author":"S Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung S et al (2021) Incidence and surgery rate of idiopathic scoliosis: a nationwide database study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(15):8152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18158152","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8969_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0457-4","volume":"7","author":"MR Konieczny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Konieczny MR, Senyurt H, Krauspe R (2013) Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Child Orthop 7(1):3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11832-012-0457-4","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"8969_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200003000-00023","volume":"20","author":"CM Bone","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bone CM, Hsieh GH (2000) The risk of carcinogenesis from radiographs to pediatric orthopaedic patients. J Pediatr Orthop 20(2):251\u2013254","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"10","key":"8969_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4747-2","volume":"25","author":"A Simony","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simony A, Hansen EJ, Christensen SB, Carreon LY, Andersen MO (2016) Incidence of cancer in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients treated 25 years previously. Eur Spine J 25(10):3366\u20133370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4747-2","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8969_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2022.1","volume":"174","author":"CM Ronckers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ronckers CM, Land CE, Miller JS, Stovall M, Lonstein JE, Doody MM (2010) Cancer mortality among women frequently exposed to radiographic examinations for spinal disorders. Radiat Res 174(1):83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/RR2022.1","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"8969_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06573-7","volume":"29","author":"F-J Luan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luan F-J, Wan Y, Mak K-C, Ma C-J, Wang H-Q (2020) Cancer and mortality risks of patients with scoliosis from radiation exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 29(12):3123\u20133134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06573-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"8969_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00653-6","volume":"11","author":"LD Rose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rose LD, Williams R, Ajayi B, Abdalla M, Bernard J, Bishop T, Papadakos N, Lui DF (2023) Reducing radiation exposure and cancer risk for children with scoliosis: EOS the new gold standard. Spine Deform 11(4):847\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-023-00653-6","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"8969_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheung CWJ, Law SY, Zheng YP (2013) Development of 3-D ultrasound system for assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): and system validation. In: 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6611037"},{"issue":"2","key":"8969_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.09.021","volume":"40","author":"T Ungi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ungi T et al (2014) Spinal curvature measurement by tracked ultrasound snapshots. Ultrasound Med Biol 40(2):447\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.09.021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8969_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2015.2390233","volume":"34","author":"C-WJ Cheung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheung C-WJ, Zhou G-Q, Law S-Y, Mak T-M, Lai K-L, Zheng Y-P (2015) Ultrasound volume projection imaging for assessment of scoliosis. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 34(8):1760\u20131768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMI.2015.2390233","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"8969_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.2980540","volume":"67","author":"T Ungi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ungi T et al (2020) Automatic spine ultrasound segmentation for scoliosis visualization and measurement. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 67(11):3234\u20133241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2020.2980540","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"8969_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1259","volume":"6","author":"TY Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee TY et al (2023) Three-dimensional ultrasonography could be a potential non-ionizing tool to evaluate vertebral rotation of subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. JOR Spine 6(3):e1259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsp2.1259","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"8969_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2016.06.011","volume":"33","author":"T Ungi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ungi T, Lasso A, Fichtinger G (2016) Open-source platforms for navigated image-guided interventions. Med Image Anal 33:181\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2016.06.011","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"8969_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oktay O et al (2018) Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreas. arXiv: arXiv:1804.03999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1804.03999","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1804.03999"},{"key":"8969_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.7145","volume":"194","author":"D Malfair","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malfair D et al (2010) Radiographic evaluation of scoliosis: review. Am J Roentgenol 194:S8\u2013S22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.07.7145","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"20","key":"8969_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1256","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a0c7c3","volume":"38","author":"TA Sardjono","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sardjono TA, Wilkinson MHF, Veldhuizen AG, van Ooijen PMA, Purnama KE, Verkerke GJ (2013) Automatic Cobb angle determination from radiographic images. Spine 38(20):E1256-1262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a0c7c3","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"8969_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001711011500","volume":"11","author":"S-Y Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng S-Y, Bettany-Saltikov J (2017) Imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of children with idiopathic scoliosis. Open Orthop J 11:1500\u20131520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874325001711011500","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8969_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","volume":"13","author":"S Negrini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Negrini S et al (2018) 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 13(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8969_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"JD Hunter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunter JD (2007) Matplotlib: a 2D graphics environment. Comput Sci Eng 9(3):90\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","journal-title":"Comput Sci Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"8969_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06030-0","volume":"28","author":"J Ferr\u00e0s-Tarrag\u00f3","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e0s-Tarrag\u00f3 J, Valencia JMM, Belmar PR, Vergara SP, G\u00f3mez PJ, Hermida JLB, Hermida PB, Hermida TB (2019) Cobb angle measurement with a conventional convex echography probe and a smartphone. Eur Spine J 28(9):1955\u20131961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-06030-0","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"8969_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2021.04.007","volume":"29","author":"TT-Y Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee TT-Y, Lai KK-L, Cheng JC-Y, Castelein RM, Lam T-P, Zheng Y-P (2021) 3D ultrasound imaging provides reliable angle measurement with validity comparable to X-ray in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Orthop Transl 29:51\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2021.04.007","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"key":"8969_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-016-0074-y","volume":"11","author":"Y-P Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng Y-P et al (2016) A reliability and validity study for Scolioscan: a radiation-free scoliosis assessment system using 3D ultrasound imaging. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 11:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13013-016-0074-y","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08969-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08969-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08969-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T18:17:30Z","timestamp":1757182650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08969-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["8969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08969-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}