{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:50:40Z","timestamp":1791215440082,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["H2024110024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2024110024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-09026-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T10:59:30Z","timestamp":1749466770000},"page":"2597-2604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The relationship between muscle mass and low back pain: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rudong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"9026_CR1","first-page":"343","volume":"85","author":"BA Casazza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Casazza BA (2012) Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain. Am Fam Physician 85(4):343\u2013350","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"9","key":"9026_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","volume":"5","author":"Global","year":"2023","unstructured":"Global (2023) regional, and National burden of osteoarthritis, 1990\u20132020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol 5(9):e508\u2013e522","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9026_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12538","volume":"15","author":"RA Deyo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deyo RA et al (2014) Report of the NIH task force on research standards for chronic low back pain. Pain Med 15(8):1249\u20131267","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR4","first-page":"9","volume":"40","author":"KM Dunn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dunn KM, Croft PR (2004) Epidemiology and natural history of low back pain. Eura Medicophys 40(1):9\u201313","journal-title":"Eura Medicophys"},{"issue":"10","key":"9026_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000745","volume":"35","author":"JA Teodorczyk-Injeyan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, Triano JJ, Injeyan HS (2019) Nonspecific low back pain: inflammatory profiles of patients with acute and chronic pain. Clin J Pain 35(10):818\u2013825","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"9026_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.12.010","volume":"61","author":"SJ Mousavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mousavi SJ, van Die\u00ebn JH, Anderson DE (2019) Low back pain: moving toward mechanism-based management. Clin Biomech (Bristol) 61:190\u2013191","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29827-y","volume":"13","author":"C McCarthy","year":"2023","unstructured":"McCarthy C et al (2023) Total and regional appendicular skeletal muscle mass prediction from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition models. Sci Rep 13(1):2590","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9026_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101883","volume":"86","author":"G Coletta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coletta G, Phillips SM (2023) An elusive consensus definition of sarcopenia impedes research and clinical treatment: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 86:101883","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"9026_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0264","volume":"32","author":"SW Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park SW et al (2009) Excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32(11):1993\u20131997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.019","volume":"66","author":"BK Koo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koo BK et al (2017) Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and significant fibrosis. J Hepatol 66(1):123\u2013131","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9026_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.07.003","volume":"65","author":"E Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han E et al (2016) Sarcopenia is associated with albuminuria independently of hypertension and diabetes: KNHANES 2008\u20132011. Metabolism 65(10):1531\u20131540","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"6661","key":"9026_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6661.1443","volume":"297","author":"C Cooper","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cooper C, Barker DJ, Wickham C (1988) Physical activity, muscle strength, and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Britain. BMJ 297(6661):1443\u20131446","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"9026_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.7100","volume":"21","author":"K Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee K et al (2023) Association between pretreatment skeletal muscle and outcomes after CAR T-Cell therapy. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 21(4):373\u2013382e1","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"5","key":"9026_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114857","volume":"86","author":"F Zurlo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zurlo F et al (1990) Skeletal muscle metabolism is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. J Clin Invest 86(5):1423\u20131427","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17303-1","volume":"23","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Y et al (2023) Muscle quality index and cardiovascular disease among US population-findings from NHANES 2011\u20132014. BMC Public Health 23(1):2388","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00601-2","volume":"18","author":"S Starling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Starling S (2022) FAPs linked with muscle degeneration in T2DM. Nat Rev Endocrinol 18(1):3","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13397","volume":"15","author":"D Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim D et al (2024) Association of low muscle mass and obesity with increased all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in US adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 15(1):240\u2013254","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"9026_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n1446","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1446","volume":"374","author":"AG Cashin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cashin AG et al (2021) Efficacy, acceptability, and safety of muscle relaxants for adults with non-specific low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 374:n1446","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2019.01.012","volume":"24","author":"TPF Bento","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bento TPF et al (2020) Low back pain and some associated factors: is there any difference between genders? Braz J Phys Ther 24(1):79\u201387","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"9026_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003154","volume":"165","author":"DS Overstreet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Overstreet DS et al (2024) Race-specific associations: inflammatory mediators and chronic low back pain. Pain 165(7):1513\u20131522","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"9026_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2016.03.005","volume":"23","author":"C Parreira Pdo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parreira Pdo C, Maher CG, Ferreira ML (2016) Effect of education on non-specific neck and low back pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Man Ther 23:e3\u20134","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"9026_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab172","volume":"31","author":"Y You","year":"2021","unstructured":"You Y et al (2021) Associations between health indicators and sleep duration of American adults: NHANES 2011-16. Eur J Public Health 31(6):1204\u20131210","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"9026_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhowimel AS et al (2022) Prevalence of low back pain and associated risk factors among Saudi Arabian adolescents: A Cross-Sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(18)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811217"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66565-1","volume":"14","author":"G Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma G et al (2024) Association between weight-adjusted waist index and bone mineral density in adolescents. Sci Rep 14(1):16509","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"9026_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13302","volume":"14","author":"KJ Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim KJ et al (2023) Weight-adjusted waist as an integrated index for fat, muscle and bone health in adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 14(5):2196\u20132203","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"4","key":"9026_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48(4):601","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"9026_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.07.005","volume":"47","author":"DJ Wilkinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilkinson DJ, Piasecki M, Atherton PJ (2018) The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Res Rev 47:123\u2013132","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"9026_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000759","volume":"32","author":"AM Flexman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flexman AM, Street J, Charest-Morin R (2019) The impact of frailty and sarcopenia on patient outcomes after complex spine surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 32(5):609\u2013615","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9026_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08291-w","volume":"33","author":"W Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi W et al (2024) Causal associations between sarcopenia-related traits and intervertebral disc degeneration: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Eur Spine J 33(6):2430\u20132438","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"9026_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohd Isa IL et al (2022) Discogenic low back pain: anatomy, pathophysiology and treatments of intervertebral disc degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 24(1)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010208"},{"key":"9026_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.12.035","volume":"26","author":"M Aboufazeli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aboufazeli M et al (2021) Recovery of the lumbar multifidus muscle size in chronic low back pain patients by strengthening hip abductors: A randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 26:147\u2013152","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"9026_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2346494.247","volume":"20","author":"MW Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park MW, Park SJ, Chung SG (2023) Relationships between skeletal muscle mass, lumbar lordosis, and chronic low back pain in the elderly. Neurospine 20(3):959\u2013968","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37125-w","volume":"13","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tanaka Y et al (2023) Muscle strength rather than appendicular skeletal muscle mass might affect spinal sagittal alignment, low back pain, and health-related quality of life. Sci Rep 13(1):9894","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"9026_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E189","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003243","volume":"45","author":"B Shahidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahidi B et al (2020) Increased fibrogenic gene expression in multifidus muscles of patients with chronic versus acute lumbar spine pathology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 45(4):E189\u2013e195","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"9026_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00116","volume":"12","author":"AM Gonz\u00e1lez-Rold\u00e1n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rold\u00e1n AM et al (2020) Age-Related changes in pain perception are associated with altered functional connectivity during resting state. Front Aging Neurosci 12:116","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"9026_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Athnaiel O et al (2023) The role of sex hormones in Pain-Related conditions. Int J Mol Sci 24(3)","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031866"},{"issue":"1","key":"9026_CR37","first-page":"e12692","volume":"13","author":"GK Pati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pati GK et al (2021) Irritable bowel syndrome and the menstrual cycle. Cureus 13(1):e12692","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"9026_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00558.x","volume":"10","author":"CJ Paller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paller CJ et al (2009) Sex-based differences in pain perception and treatment. Pain Med 10(2):289\u2013299","journal-title":"Pain Med"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09026-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09026-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09026-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T18:41:27Z","timestamp":1757184087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09026-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09026-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}