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No drug or devices requiring FDA approval was discussed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Dr. Sama reports royalties from Ortho Development, Corp. DePuy Spine Products\/Medical Device Business Services, Clariance, Inc.; private investments for Vestia Ventures MiRUS Investment, LLC, ISPH II, LLC, ISPH 3, LLC, and Centinel Spine (Vbros Venture Partners V); consulting fees from DePuy Spine Products\/Medical Device Business Services, Clariance, Inc., Kuros Biosciences AG; speaking and\/or teaching arrangements for DePuy Spine Products\/Medical Device Business Services; membership of scientific advisory board of DePuy Spine Products\/Medical Device Business Services, Kuros Biosciences AG, Clariance, Inc., and research support from Spinal Kinetics, Inc.\/Orthofix, Inc., outside the submitted work.Dr. Cammisa reports royalties from Accelus; ownership interest for 4WEB Medical\/4WEB, Inc.; Healthpoint Capital Partners, LP; ISPH II, LLC; ISPH 3 Holdings, LLC; Ivy Healthcare Capital Partners, LLC; Medical Device Partners II, LLC; Medical Device Partners III, LLC; Orthobond Corporation; Spine Biopharma, LLC; Tissue Differentiation Intelligence, LLC; Tissue Connect Systems, Inc.; VBVP VI, LLC; VBVP X, LLC; Woven Orthopedics Technologies; consulting fees from Spine Biopharma, LLC, and Accelus; membership of scientific advisory board\/other office of Healthpoint Capital Partners, Medical Device Partners II, LLC, Orthobond Corporation, Spine Biopharma, LLC, and Woven Orthopedic Technologies; and research support from 4WEB Medical\/4WEB, Inc., Camber Spine, Choice Spine, DePuy Synthes, Centinel Spine, and Royal Biologics outside the submitted work. Dr. Girardi reports royalties from Lanx, Inc. and Ortho Development Corp.; ownership interest in Centinel Spine, BICMD; consulting fees from Lanx, Inc,, Ortho Development Corp, and Sea Spine;and stock ownership in Centinel Spine, Healthpoint Capital Partners, LP; membership of scientific advisory board\/other office of Healthpoint Capital Partners, outside the submitted work.Dr. Hughes reports research support from Kuros Biosciences AG and Expanding Innovations, Inc.; private investments in Tissue Connect Systems, Inc.; and fellowship support from NuVasive, Inc. outside the submitted work.Authors Erika Chiapparelli, MD; Thomas Caffard, MD; Samuel J. Medina, BS; Krizia Amoroso, MD Jiaqi Zhu, MA; Ali E. Guven, MD; Gisberto Evangelisti, MD; Jan Hambrecht, MD; Paul Kohli, MD; Koki Tsuchiya, MD; Vidushi Tripathi, BS; Bruno Verna, MD; Jennifer Shue declare they have no financial interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The participants have consented to the submission of this research paper.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}