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Two primary outcomes were assessed across three trials: (1) occurrence of contralateral foot touch within the first second (early stance response), and (2) total duration of foot contact during the entire trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sample size estimation indicated that a minimum of 25 participants per group would yield 80% power to detect a moderate effect size (Cohen\u2019s d\u2009=\u20090.4). A significant interaction was observed between visual condition and repetition (F\u2009=\u20097.86,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), although no significant group interaction was found for total contralateral touch duration (F\u2009=\u20091.59,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.21). The LBP group exhibited significantly more early contralateral touches during the first trial with visual input (t\u2009=\u20093.46,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and during the third trial without visual input (t = -3.53,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), suggesting impaired adaptability to sensory conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although total contralateral touch duration did not differ significantly between groups, individuals with LBP demonstrated greater instability during the initial phase of one-leg stance. These findings highlight early stance responses as a sensitive marker of balance impairment in LBP and support the need for interventions that enhance somatosensory integration and postural initiation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-09083-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T21:40:09Z","timestamp":1750887609000},"page":"5431-5440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of visual input on contralateral foot touch and postural stability during one-leg standing in older adults with chronic low back pain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongchul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"9083_CR1","first-page":"646","volume":"81","author":"AD Woolf","year":"2003","unstructured":"Woolf AD, Pfleger B (2003) Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. 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