{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:44:41Z","timestamp":1791654281240,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minimally invasive pedicle screw insertion relies on imaging techniques due to limited anatomical visualization. A potential solution for intraoperative 3D guidance is using 2D\/3D registration algorithms, which align intraoperative 2D X-rays with preoperatively acquired 3D datasets. This study aimed to evaluate the application of a novel 2D\/3D image guidance software in posterior fixation with pedicle screws regarding accuracy, speed, and radiation exposure in a realistic clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four human cadavers were instrumented with a total of 80 pedicle screws (from T8 to L5) by eight surgeons using 2D\/3D image guidance. The surgeons, with varying levels of experience in spine surgery and navigation, utilized the software for the first time. Before the procedures, they underwent a structured one-hour training session. Accuracy, time parameters, and radiation exposure during pedicle screw insertion were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All K-wires were inserted correctly, demonstrating precise wire placement, regardless of the surgeons\u2019 experience. For pedicle screw placement, the 2D\/3D image guidance achieved high accuracy of 95.0%, with no superior or inferior perforations. The mean time for each pedicle screw placement was 7.62\u2009\u00b1\u20092.83\u00a0min, with an average radiation exposure of 1.24 \u00b5Sv per pedicle screw for the surgeon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of 2D\/3D image guidance in this study demonstrated high precision in the placement of K-wires and pedicle screws. Consequently, 2D\/3D image guidance presents a promising tool for both experienced and inexperienced users, facilitating precise 3D guidance of pedicle screws with a standard 2D C-arm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-09451-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:00:34Z","timestamp":1760367634000},"page":"2815-2825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["First experience with a novel image guidance technology for posterior pedicle screw fixation: A cadaveric study on 2D\/3D registration-based spine surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Benno","family":"Bullert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jula","family":"Gierse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Mandelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Freischmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornelis","family":"Poelstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Alfred","family":"Gruetzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven Yves","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554777","volume":"6","author":"SJ McAnany","year":"2016","unstructured":"McAnany SJ, Overley SC, Kim JS, Baird EO, Qureshi SA, Anderson PA (2016) Open versus minimally invasive fixation techniques for thoracolumbar trauma: a meta-analysis. 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