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Disclosure: Toshiki Fukasawa receives research funding from AstraZeneca K.K.; consulting fees from Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation and JMDC Inc.; an honorarium from the Research Institute of Healthcare Data Science; and was previously employed by the Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology at Kyoto University with support from Eisai Co., Ltd. and Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. Koji Kawakami receives research funding from AstraZeneca K.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., OMRON Corporation, and Toppan Inc.; consulting fees from Advanced Medical Care Inc., JMDC Inc., Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd., and Ubicom Holdings, Inc.; executive compensation from Cancer Intelligence Care Systems, Inc. and Mytreya Inc.; and honoraria from Pharma Business Academy Co., Ltd. and SANSHO Co., Ltd. The other authors received no financial or material support for the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}