{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:26:41Z","timestamp":1791617201656,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-09672-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:58:49Z","timestamp":1765810729000},"page":"499-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Beyond the two-year trial: real-World failure mechanisms of the simplify cervical disc"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Scott-Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Blumenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Lanman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Ohnmeiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhman","family":"Riar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"9672_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000002324","volume":"43","author":"G Gutman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gutman G, Rosenzweig D, Golan J (2017) The surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Spine Phila Pa 1976 43:365\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000002324","journal-title":"Spine Phila Pa 1976"},{"key":"9672_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.5.SPINE10769","volume":"15","author":"D Coric","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coric D, Nunley PD, Guyer RD et al (2011) Prospective, randomized, multicenter study of cervical arthroplasty: 269 patients from the Kineflex|C artificial disc investigational device exemption study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. J Neurosurg Spine 15:348\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2011.5.SPINE10769","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"9672_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esas.2010.09.001","volume":"4","author":"RB Delamarter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Delamarter RB, Murrey D, Janssen ME et al (2010) Results at 24 months from the prospective, randomized, multicenter investigational device exemption trial of ProDisc-C versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with 4-year follow-up and continued access patients. SAS J 4:122\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esas.2010.09.001","journal-title":"SAS J"},{"key":"9672_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.SPINE14589","volume":"23","author":"MF Gornet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gornet MF, Burkus JK, Shaffrey ME et al (2015) Cervical disc arthroplasty with PRESTIGE LP disc versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective, multicenter investigational device exemption study. J Neurosurg Spine 23:558\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.1.SPINE14589","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"9672_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818ee263","volume":"34","author":"JG Heller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heller JG, Sasso RC, Papadopoulos SM et al (2009) Comparison of BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical decompression and fusion: clinical and radiographic results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Spine Phila Pa 1976 34:101\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818ee263","journal-title":"Spine Phila Pa 1976"},{"key":"9672_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/1007","author":"MS Hisey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hisey MS, Bae HW, Davis R et al (2014) Multi-center, prospective, randomized, controlled investigational device exemption clinical trial comparing Mobi-C cervical artificial disc to anterior discectomy and fusion in the treatment of symptomatic degenerative disc disease in the cervical spine. Int J Spine Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14444\/1007","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"9672_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.05.006","volume":"9","author":"D Murrey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murrey D, Janssen M, Delamarter R et al (2009) Results of the prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter food and drug administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-C total disc replacement versus anterior discectomy and fusion for the treatment of 1-level symptomatic cervical disc disease. Spine J 9:275\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2008.05.006","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"9672_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318296232f","volume":"38","author":"FM Phillips","year":"2013","unstructured":"Phillips FM, Lee JYB, Geisler FH et al (2013) A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical investigation comparing PCM cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: 2-year results from the US FDA IDE clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38:907\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318296232f","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"9672_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000031","volume":"38","author":"A Vaccaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaccaro A, Beutler W, Peppelman W et al (2013) Clinical outcomes with selectively constrained SECURE-C cervical disc arthroplasty: two-year results from a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption study. Spine 38:2227\u20132239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000031","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"9672_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000099392.90849.AA","volume":"28","author":"J Goffin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goffin J, Van Calenbergh F, Van Loon J et al (2003) Intermediate follow-up after treatment of degenerative disc disease with the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis: single-level and bi-level. Spine 28:2673\u20132678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.BRS.0000099392.90849.AA","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"9672_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.6.SPINE12527","volume":"19","author":"RJ Davis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davis RJ, Kim KD, Hisey MS et al (2013) Cervical total disc replacement with the Mobi-C cervical artificial disc compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine 19:532\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.6.SPINE12527","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"9672_CR12","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (2021) Device advice \u2013 comprehensive regulatory assistance. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance. Accessed 18 May 2021"},{"key":"9672_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.14444\/8084","volume":"15","author":"RD Guyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guyer RD, Coric D, Nunley PD, Sasso RC, Musacchio M, Bae HW, Peloza JH, Ohnmeiss DD (2021) Single-level cervical disc replacement using a PEEK-on-ceramic implant: results of a multicenter FDA IDE trial with 24-month follow-up. Int J Spine Surg 15:633\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14444\/8084","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"9672_CR14","volume-title":"F2346\u201305 (Reapproved 2011) - Standard test methods for static and dynamic characterization of spinal artificial discs","author":"ASTM International","year":"2005","unstructured":"ASTM International (2005) F2346\u201305 (Reapproved 2011) - Standard test methods for static and dynamic characterization of spinal artificial discs. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA"},{"key":"9672_CR15","volume-title":"F2423\u201311 - Standard guide for functional, kinematic, and wear assessment of total disc prostheses","author":"ASTM International","year":"2011","unstructured":"ASTM International (2011) F2423\u201311 - Standard guide for functional, kinematic, and wear assessment of total disc prostheses. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA"},{"key":"9672_CR16","volume-title":"ISO 18192-1:2011 implants for surgery \u2013 wear of total intervertebral spinal disc prostheses \u2013 part 1: loading and displacement parameters for wear testing and corresponding environmental conditions for test","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2011","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (2011) ISO 18192-1:2011 implants for surgery \u2013 wear of total intervertebral spinal disc prostheses \u2013 part 1: loading and displacement parameters for wear testing and corresponding environmental conditions for test. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"9672_CR17","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (2021) Premarket approval (PMA). Archived February 28, 2021. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/premarket-approval-pma. Accessed 18 May 2021"},{"key":"9672_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-5041-7","volume":"474","author":"R Siskey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siskey R, Ciccarelli L, Lui MK, Kurtz SM (2016) Are PEEK-on-ceramic bearings an option for total disc arthroplasty? An in vitro tribology study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 474:2428\u20132440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-016-5041-7","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"9672_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-07094-7","volume":"31","author":"M Scott-Young","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scott-Young M, Rathbone E, Grierson L (2022) Midterm osteolysis-induced aseptic failure of the M6-C\u2122 cervical total disc replacement secondary to polyethylene wear debris. Eur Spine J 31:1273\u20131282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-021-07094-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"9672_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08129-5","volume":"33","author":"S H\u00e4ckel","year":"2024","unstructured":"H\u00e4ckel S, Gaff J, Pabbruwe M, Celenza A, Kern M, Taylor P, Miles A, Cunningham G (2024) Heterotopic ossification, osteolysis and implant failure following cervical total disc replacement with the M6-C\u2122 artificial disc. Eur Spine J 33:1292\u20131299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08129-5","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"9672_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-08926-6","volume":"34","author":"M Scott-Young","year":"2025","unstructured":"Scott-Young M, Nielsen D, Riar S, Rathbone E (2025) Patient outcomes and surgical strategies in revision cervical arthroplasty following M6-C\u2122 disc-related osteolysis. Eur Spine J 34:2265\u20133375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-025-08926-6","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"9672_CR22","unstructured":"Globus Medical (2025) Simplify\u2122 Cervical Disc \u2013 Product Overview. Available at: https:\/\/www.globusmedical.com\/products\/simplify-cervical-disc\/. Accessed 4 September 2025"},{"key":"9672_CR23","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (2020) PMA P200022: FDA summary of safety and effectiveness data. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf20\/P200022B.pdf. Accessed 18 May 2021"},{"key":"9672_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.03.013","volume":"20","author":"PJ Rao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rao PJ, Maharaj M, Chau C, Phan K, Lakshan Abeygunasekara M, Mobbs RJ (2020) Degenerate-disc infection study with contaminant control (DISC): a multicenter prospective case-control trial. Spine J 20:1544\u20131553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.03.013","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"9672_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000005123","volume":"50","author":"RD Guyer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guyer RD, Bae H, Coric D, Nunley PD, Musacchio M, Sasso RC, Ohnmeiss DD (2025) Five-year follow-up of a prospective food and drug administration investigational device exemption trial evaluating a PEEK-on-ceramic cervical disc replacement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 50:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000005123","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"9672_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.1.SPINE211264","volume":"37","author":"D Coric","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coric D, Guyer RD, Bae H, Nunley PD, Strenge KB, Peloza JH, Boltes MO, Ohnmeiss DD (2022) Prospective, multicenter study of 2-level cervical arthroplasty with a PEEK-on-ceramic artificial disc. J Neurosurg Spine 37:357\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2022.1.SPINE211264","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"9672_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.12.SPINE15824","volume":"25","author":"K Radcliff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radcliff K, Coric D, Albert T (2016) Five-year clinical results of cervical total disc replacement compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine 25:213\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.12.SPINE15824","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"9672_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/8772","author":"P Nunley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nunley P, Meyers A, Mangual-Perez D, Young E, Googe H, Armstrong I, Tran S, Stone M (2025) Rates of osteolysis for commercially available cervical disc arthroplasty devices in the united states: a manufacturer and user facility device experience database analysis. Int J Spine Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14444\/8772","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"9672_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.01.003","volume":"18","author":"FB Torstrick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torstrick FB, Klosterhoff BS, Westerlund LE, Foley KT, Gochuico J, Lee CSD, Gall K, Safranski DL (2018) Impaction durability of porous polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and titanium-coated PEEK interbody fusion devices. Spine J 18:857\u2013865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.01.003","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"9672_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.09.038","volume":"16","author":"A Kienle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kienle A, Graf N, Wilke HJ (2016) Does impaction of titanium-coated interbody fusion cages into the disc space cause wear debris or delamination? Spine J 16:235\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.09.038","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"9672_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings15080878","volume":"15","author":"S Antony Jose","year":"2025","unstructured":"Antony Jose S, Lapierre Z, Williams T, Hope C, Jardin T, Rodriguez R, Menezes PL (2025) Wear- and corrosion-resistant coatings for extreme environments: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Coatings 15:878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/coatings15080878","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"issue":"11","key":"9672_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14113048","volume":"14","author":"R Podlipec","year":"2021","unstructured":"Podlipec R, Punz\u00f3n-Quijorna E, Pirker L, Kelemen M, Vavpeti\u010d P, Kavalar R, Hlawacek G, \u0160trancar J, Pelicon P, Fokter SK (2021) Revealing inflammatory indications induced by titanium alloy wear debris in periprosthetic tissue by label-free correlative high-resolution ion, electron and optical microspectroscopy. Materials 14(11):3048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma14113048","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"9672_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112193","volume":"28","author":"R Ganko","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ganko R, Madhavan A, Hamouda W, Muthu S, Jain A, Yoon ST, El-Rozz H, Cyril D, Pabbruwe M, Tipper JL, Tavakoli J (2025) Spinal implant wear particles: generation, characterization, biological impacts, and future considerations. iScience 28:112193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112193","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"9672_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08402-7","volume":"33","author":"SL Blumenthal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blumenthal SL, Ohnmeiss DD, Courtois EC, Guyer RD, Zigler JE, Shellock JL (2024) Treatment of failed cervical total disc replacements in a series of 53 cases and description of a management strategy. Eur Spine J 33:3117\u20133123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08402-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"9672_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/lubricants3020346","volume":"3","author":"J Reeks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reeks J, Liang H (2015) Materials and their failure mechanisms in total disc replacement. Lubricants 3:346\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/lubricants3020346","journal-title":"Lubricants"},{"key":"9672_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100774","volume":"23","author":"T Mattikalli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mattikalli T, Steinberger J, Margetis K (2025) Historical trends and future projections of cervical disc arthroplasty and removal cervical disc arthroplasty in the United States Medicare population. North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ) 23:100774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100774","journal-title":"North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"},{"key":"9672_CR37","unstructured":"Bond University Human Research Ethics Committee (2025) Terms of Reference. Bond University. https:\/\/bond.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-09\/BUHREC%20ToR%20_August%202025.pdf. Accessed 28 November 2025"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09672-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09672-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09672-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T01:33:52Z","timestamp":1772069632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09672-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09672-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}]}}