{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:08:51Z","timestamp":1786464531873,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005389","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell'Insubria","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-026-09784-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T14:58:35Z","timestamp":1773068315000},"page":"4610-4617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An effective active self-correction in standing without external aids is possible in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Rossi Raccagni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Negrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-1700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Negrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Fregna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Negrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9784_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/123848","volume":"2015","author":"S Anwer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anwer S, Alghadir A, Abu Shaphe M, Anwar D (2015) Effects of exercise on spinal deformities and quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Biomed Res Int 2015:123848","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"9784_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199010040-00020","volume":"10","author":"CM Barsanti","year":"1990","unstructured":"Barsanti CM, deBari A, Covino BM (1990) The torsion meter: a critical review. J Pediatr Orthop 10(4):527\u2013531","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"9784_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-016-0076-9","volume":"11","author":"H Berdishevsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J et al (2016) Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises \u2013 a comprehensive review of seven major schools. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 11:20","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v75i1.904","volume":"75","author":"M Burger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burger M, Coetzee W, du Plessis LZ et al (2019) The effectiveness of Schroth exercises in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. S Afr J Physiother 75(1):904","journal-title":"S Afr J Physiother"},{"issue":"19","key":"9784_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004731","volume":"48","author":"PWH Cheung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheung PWH, Wong HL, Lau DSL, Cheung JPY (2023) Directed versus nondirected standing postures in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: its impact on curve magnitude, alignment, and clinical decision-making. Spine 48(19):1354\u20131364","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"9784_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40945-019-0060-9","volume":"9","author":"JM Day","year":"2019","unstructured":"Day JM, Fletcher J, Coghlan M, Ravine T (2019) Review of scoliosis-specific exercise methods used to correct adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Arch Physiother 9:8","journal-title":"Arch Physiother"},{"key":"9784_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2112-9","author":"S Dupuis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dupuis S, Fortin C, Caouette C, Leclair I, Aubin C\u00c9 (2018) Global postural re-education in pediatric idiopathic scoliosis: a biomechanical modeling and analysis of curve reduction during active and assisted self-correction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 19:200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-018-2112-9","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"9784_CR8","volume":"2021","author":"J Hurtado-Aviles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hurtado-Aviles J, Roca-Gonz\u00e1lez J, Kurochka KS, Sanz-Mengibar JM, Santonja-Medina F (2021) Developing of a mathematical model to perform measurements of axial vertebral rotation on computer-aided and automated diagnosis systems, using Raimondi\u2019s method. Radiol Res Pract 2021:5523775","journal-title":"Radiol Res Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00002","volume":"72","author":"RT Morrissy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morrissy RT, Goldsmith GS, Hall EC, Kehl D, Cowie GH (1990) Measurement of the Cobb angle on radiographs of patients who have scoliosis. Evaluation of intrinsic error. J Bone Joint Surg Am 72(3):320\u2013327","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"9784_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","volume":"13","author":"S Negrini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG et al (2018) 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 13:3","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"9784_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2018.07.010","volume":"62","author":"S Negrini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Negrini S, Donzelli S, Negrini A, Parzini S, Romano M, Zaina F (2019) Specific exercises reduce the need for bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a practical clinical trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 62(2):69\u201376","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"9784_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-4","volume":"1","author":"S Negrini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Negrini S, Grivas TB, Kotwicki T et al (2006) Why do we treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? What we want to obtain and to avoid for our patients. SOSORT 2005 consensus paper. Scoliosis 1:4","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"9784_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-014-0025-4","volume":"10","author":"S Negrini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Negrini S, Hresko TM, O\u2019Brien JP, Price N, SOSORT Boards, SRS Non-Operative Committee (2015) Recommendations for research studies on treatment of idiopathic scoliosis: consensus 2014 between SOSORT and SRS non-operative management committee. Scoliosis 10:8","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"9784_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0195","volume":"40","author":"S Negrini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Negrini S, Zaina F, Romano M, Negrini A, Parzini S (2008) Specific exercises reduce brace prescription in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective controlled cohort study with worst-case analysis. J Rehabil Med 40(6):451\u2013455","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9784_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1186-3","volume":"19","author":"AP Pinheiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinheiro AP, Tanure MC, Oliveira AS (2010) Validity and reliability of a computer method to estimate vertebral axial rotation from digital radiographs. Eur Spine J 19(3):415\u2013420","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"9784_CR16","volume":"2","author":"M Romano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Romano M, Minozzi S, Bettany-Saltikov J et al (2024) Therapeutic exercises for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2):CD007837","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-014-0027-2","volume":"10","author":"M Romano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Romano M, Negrini A, Parzini S et al (2015) SEAS (Scientific exercises approach to Scoliosis): a modern and effective evidence based approach to physiotherapic specific scoliosis exercises. Scoliosis 10(1):3","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"9784_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Skaggs K, Lin AJ, Andras LM, Illingworth KD, Skaggs DL (2020) Standing in schroth trained position significantly changes Cobb angle and leg length discrepancy: a pilot study. Spine deform 8:1185\u20131192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-020-00157-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00157-7"},{"issue":"10","key":"9784_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1080\/17483100801921311","volume":"30","author":"N Smania","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smania N, Picelli A, Romano M, Negrini S (2008) Neurophysiological basis of rehabilitation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Disabil Rehabil 30(10):763\u2013771","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"9784_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-16","volume":"1","author":"IAF Stokes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stokes IAF, Burwell RG, Dangerfield PH (2006) Biomechanical spinal growth modulation and progressive adolescent scoliosis\u2013a test of the vicious cycle pathogenetic hypothesis: summary of an electronic focus group debate of the IBSE. Scoliosis 1:16","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"9784_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su A, Parent E, Fong E, Schreiber S, Moreau M, Lou E (2017). Immediate frontal and transverse deformity reductions during schroth physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific exercise corrections in patients with adolescent idiopathic Scoliosis. 14;12:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13013-017-0137-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0137-8"},{"key":"9784_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thompson JY, Williamson EM, Williams MA, etal (2019). Effectiveness of scoliosis-specific exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosiscompared with other non-surgical interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 105:214\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physio.2018.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2018.10.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"9784_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298416","volume":"4","author":"HR Weiss","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weiss HR (1995) Measurement of vertebral rotation: perdriolle versus raimondi. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc 4(1):34\u201338","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"9784_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-6","volume":"1","author":"HR Weiss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weiss HR, Negrini S, Hawes MC et al (2006) Physical exercises in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis at risk of brace treatment - - SOSORT consensus paper 2005. Scoliosis 1:6","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"9784_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-016-0101-z","volume":"11","author":"K Zapata","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zapata K, Parent EC, Sucato D (2016) Immediate effects of scoliosis-specific corrective exercises on the Cobb angle after one week and after one year of practice. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 11(Suppl 2):36","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-026-09784-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-026-09784-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-026-09784-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:54:09Z","timestamp":1786456449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-026-09784-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-026-09784-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"AN and SN owns stock of ISICO. SRR and FN are related to AN and SN. GF has no conflict of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local Ethics Commettee Comitato Etico Milano Area 2 and it has been registered within ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05598021).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics committee approval and trial registration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Study participants were not involved in the design, conduct, interpretation, or translation of the current research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Patient involvement statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}