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This study describes and validates a standardized method to generate OF4 pincer fractures in human cadaveric spines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve osteoporotic bisegmental thoracolumbar specimens underwent controlled fracture induction using a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Radiological assessment confirmed fracture morphology consistent with OF4 pincer-type fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OF4 fractures were successfully induced in eight specimens (mean age 73.5\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5 years; mean BMD 68.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.2\u00a0mg\/cm\u00b3). Four specimens were excluded due to fracture patterns inconsistent with OF4 pincer-type morphology (instability, scoliosis, asymmetrical collapse, or comminution). Biomechanical testing revealed significant increases in range of motion post-fracture in flexion\/extension (+\u20099.6\u00b0 \u00b1 2.4\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), lateral bending (+\u200916.2\u00b0 \u00b1 7.8\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and axial rotation (+\u20096.0\u00b0 \u00b1 4.3\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Central vertebral body height loss reached 55% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), reflecting hallmark characteristics of clinical OF4 pincer fractures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This protocol offers a reproducible and biomechanically validated model of osteoporotic OF4 pincer fractures. It presents a model that can potentially be used for biomechanical evaluation of surgical interventions and the development of novel techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-026-10104-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T08:10:28Z","timestamp":1782720628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishing a standardized biomechanical model for osteoporotic pincer (OF4) Fracture creation in human cadaveric spines: a novel experimental technique"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Biniam Melese","family":"Bekele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Mauracher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"G\u00fclle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romed","family":"H\u00f6rmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Mi","family":"Ryang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Schmoelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10104_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.03.006","volume":"87","author":"EM Curtis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Curtis EM, van der Velde R, Moon RJ et al (2016) Epidemiology of fractures in the United Kingdom 1988\u20132012: Variation with age, sex, geography, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. 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YR has served as a speaker and lecturer at various symposiums organized by Brainlab\n                      \u00ae\n                      , DePuy Synthes (Johnson & Johnson), icotec AG, Medtronic,. She is also involved in annual courses and trainings and committee member or chair in national and international societies such as AO Spine, the German Spine Society (DWG), the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS), and EUROSPINE.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}