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A research grant or contract from this company paid to UC Davis partially supports my research projects: Medtronic, Empirical Spine, Stryker, AbbVie, Mesoblast, Highridge Medical. K.K. Consulting or educational courses (including CME and non-CME) for this company generate personal income, outside of my university salary : Highridge Medical, GS Medical, Seikagaku, Ferring, Medtronic. K.K. I receive personal royalties from this company: Highridge Medical, Precision Spine. K.K. I or a member of my immediate family has equity in this company: Molecular Matrix. T.K. Nothing to disclose. V.P. Salaried employee of Highridge Medical. A.C. Salaried employee of Highridge Medical. A.A. Salaried employee of Zimmer Biomet Spine.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}