{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:42:41Z","timestamp":1792482161520,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoliosis is frequently associated with CM1 and TCS, but its course following neurosurgical treatment remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to describe scoliosis development following posterior fossa decompression for CM1 or de-tethering for TCS. A secondary aim was to describe postoperative brace treatment and its association with scoliosis progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study including children operated consecutively from the age of one to eighteen years for CM1 or TCS. We included patients with and without preoperative scoliosis who had a last follow-up from five years of age at earliest. Scoliosis patients were categorized based on type of scoliosis and braced patients were analysed based on compliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 293 patients and 171 (58%) were included. The cohort consisted of 100 females (58%) and the mean (SD) age at neurosurgery was 9.1 (4.3) years. There were 73 out of 171 (43%) who were operated for CM1 and 98 (57%) had been operated for TCS. The mean age at last follow-up was 12.4 (4.2) years and the median (25th, 75th percentile) follow-up was at 31 (14, 54) months. Scoliosis progression was seen in 21 (37%) patients. De novo scoliosis was seen in 5 (4%) patients. Patients compliant with postoperative bracing progressed less frequently than non-compliant patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoliosis progression remains common following neurosurgery. Continued scoliosis surveillance is warranted, while postoperative bracing requires further prospective evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-026-10450-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:33:41Z","timestamp":1792481621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact on scoliosis development and the need for bracing after posterior fossa decompression for Chiari Malformation type I and de-tethering for tethered cord syndrome: a retrospective study of 171 patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Maritha","family":"Kumlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludvig","family":"Van Ingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Charalampidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Sandvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Diarbakerli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10450_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Blanco JS, Widmann RF (2009) Update on the management of idiopathic scoliosis. Curr Opin Pediatr 21(1):55\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328320a929. PMID: 19242241","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328320a929"},{"key":"10450_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McGirt MJ, Mehta V, Garces-Ambrossi G, Gottfried O, Solakoglu C, Gokaslan ZL, Samdani A, Jallo GI (2009) Pediatric tethered cord syndrome: response of scoliosis to untethering procedures. Clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr 4(3):270-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.4.PEDS08463. PMID: 19772413","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.PEDS08463"},{"key":"10450_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chotai S, Aum DJ, Strahle JM (2023) Role of Chiari Decompression in Managing Spinal Deformity Associated with Chiari I Malformation and Syringomyelia. Neurosurg Clin N Am 34(1):159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2022.09.007. PMID: 36424056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.09.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10450_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06662-7","volume":"30","author":"K Ahuja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahuja K, Ifthekar S, Mittal S, Yadav G, Sudhakar PV, Barik S, Kandwal P (2021) Is detethering necessary before deformity correction in congenital scoliosis associated with tethered cord syndrome: a meta-analysis of current evidence. Eur Spine J 30(3):599\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06662-7. Epub 2020 Nov 17. PMID: 33201289","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10450_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-022-00612-7","volume":"11","author":"RR Iyer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iyer RR, Fano AN, Matsumoto H, Sinha R, Roye BD, Vitale MG, Anderson RCE, Pediatric Spine Foundation (2023) Younger age at spinal cord detethering is potentially associated with a reduced risk of curve progression in children with early onset scoliosis. Spine Deform 11(3):739\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-022-00612-7. Epub 2022 Dec 14. PMID: 36517658","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"2","key":"10450_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-019-00009-z","volume":"8","author":"BP Verhofste","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verhofste BP, Davis EA, Miller PE, Hresko MT, Emans JB, Karlin LI, Hedequist DJ, Snyder BD, Smith ER, Proctor MR, Glotzbecker MP (2020) Chiari I malformations with syringomyelia: long-term results of neurosurgical decompression. Spine Deform 8(2):233\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-019-00009-z. Epub 2020 Jan 13. PMID: 31933098","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10450_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Strahle JM, Taiwo R, Averill C, Torner J, Gewirtz JI, Shannon CN, Bonfield CM, Tuite GF, Bethel-Anderson T, Anderson RCE, Kelly MP, Shimony JS, Dacey RG, Smyth MD, Park TS, Limbrick DD, Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium (2020). Radiological and clinical associations with scoliosis outcomes after posterior fossa decompression in patients with Chiari malformation and syrinx from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium. J Neurosurg Pediatr 26(1):53\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.1.PEDS18755. PMID: 32276246","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.1.PEDS18755"},{"key":"10450_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brockmeyer D, Gollogly S, Smith JT (2003) Scoliosis associated with Chiari 1 malformations: the effect of suboccipital decompression on scoliosis curve progression: a preliminary study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28(22):2505-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.BRS.0000092381.05229.87. PMID: 14624085","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000092381.05229.87"},{"key":"10450_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flynn JM, Sodha S, Lou JE, Adams SB Jr, Whitfield B, Ecker ML, Sutton L, Dormans JP, Drummond DS (2004) Predictors of progression of scoliosis after decompression of an Arnold Chiari I malformation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29(3):286\u2009\u2013\u200992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000109884.05548.68. PMID: 14752351","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000109884.05548.68"},{"key":"10450_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.212","volume":"125","author":"A Goel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goel A, Shah A, Jadhav M et al (2019) Spinal Kyphoscoliosis Associated with Chiari Formation and Syringomyelia \u2018Recovery\u2019 Following Atlantoaxial Fixation: A Preliminary Report and Early Results Based on Experience with 11 Surgically Treated Cases. World Neurosurg 125:e937\u2013e946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.212","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10450_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Wright JG, Dobbs MB (2013) Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. N Engl J Med 369(16):1512-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337. Epub 2013 Sep 19. PMID: 24047455; PMCID: PMC3913566","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337"},{"key":"10450_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charalampidis A, Diarbakerli E, Dufvenberg M, Jalalpour K, Ohlin A, Ahl AA, M\u00f6ller H, Abbott A, Gerdhem P, CONTRAIS Study Group (2024). Nighttime Bracing or Exercise in Moderate-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 7(1):e2352492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.52492. PMID: 38285447","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.52492"},{"issue":"11","key":"10450_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-09124-0","volume":"34","author":"S Negrini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Negrini S, Negrini F, Bassani T, Febbo F, Jurenaite G, Negrini A, Pulici C, Zaina F (2025) Wearing a brace for idiopathic scoliosis above 18 hrs\/day shows a dose-response effect on the outcomes improvement and end-of-treatment Cobb angle below 30 degrees. Eur Spine J 34(11):5232\u20135240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-025-09124-0. Epub 2025 Aug 12. PMID: 40789981","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10450_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06077-z","volume":"28","author":"A Simony","year":"2019","unstructured":"Simony A, Beuschau I, Quisth L, Jespersen SM, Carreon LY, Andersen MO (2019) Providence nighttime bracing is effective in treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis even in curves larger than 35\u00b0. Eur Spine J 28(9):2020\u20132024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-06077-z. Epub 2019 Jul 24. Erratum in: Eur Spine J. 2020;29(1):194. doi: 10.1007\/s00586-019-06195-8. PMID: 31342154","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10450_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Savvides P, Gerdhem P, Grauers A, Danielsson A, Diarbakerli E (2020) Self-Experienced Trunk Appearance in Individuals With and Without Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 45(8):522\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003308. PMID: 31703053","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003308"},{"key":"10450_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diarbakerli E, Grauers A, Danielsson A, Gerdhem P (2018) Health-Related Quality of Life in Adulthood in Untreated and Treated Individuals with Adolescent or Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 100(10):811\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.17.00822. PMID: 29762275","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00822"},{"issue":"1","key":"10450_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03053-2","volume":"24","author":"AJ Danielsson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Danielsson AJ, H\u00e4llerman KL (2024) Do middle-aged patients with onset of idiopathic scoliosis before the age of 10 years who have reduced pulmonary function have a risk for rapid decline - a comparative study. BMC Pulm Med 24(1):256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03053-2. PMID: 38789978; PMCID: PMC11127383","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10450_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2015.07.007","volume":"3","author":"AJ Danielsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Danielsson AJ, Ekerljung L, Hallerman KL (2015) Pulmonary Function in Middle-Aged Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis With Onset Before the Age of 10 Years. Spine Deform 3(5):451\u2013461 Epub 2015 Oct 2. PMID: 27927531","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10450_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC, Diers H, Grivas TB, Knott P, Kotwicki T, Lebel A, Marti C, Maruyama T, O\u2019Brien J, Price N, Parent E, Rigo M, Romano M, Stikeleather L, Wynne J, Zaina F (2018) 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 13:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8. PMID: 29435499","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8"},{"key":"10450_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lonstein JE (2006) Scoliosis: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 443:248\u2009\u2013\u200959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.blo.0000198725.54891.73. PMID: 16462448","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000198725.54891.73"},{"key":"10450_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Spratt KF, Peterson KK, Spoonamore MJ, Ponseti IV (2003) Health and function of patients with untreated idiopathic scoliosis: a 50-year natural history study. JAMA 289(5):559\u2009\u2013\u200967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.289.5.559. PMID: 12578488","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.5.559"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-026-10450-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-026-10450-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-026-10450-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:33:41Z","timestamp":1792481621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-026-10450-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-026-10450-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2024-03842-01). The study was retrospective and based on existing medical records, and individual informed consent was not required according to the ethical approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}