{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T11:53:40Z","timestamp":1780746820514,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-016-1895-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T07:53:43Z","timestamp":1483430023000},"page":"469-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The \u201cchallenging\u201d fractures of the odontoid process: a review of the classification schemes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios S.","family":"Korres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios G.","family":"Chytas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos N.","family":"Markatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaos E.","family":"Efstathopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios S.","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1895_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-88-470-5232-1_6","volume-title":"The axis vertebra, chap. 6","author":"DS Korres","year":"2013","unstructured":"Korres DS (2013) Fractures of the odontoid process. In: Korres DS (ed) The axis vertebra, chap. 6. Springer, Rome, pp 45\u201359"},{"key":"1895_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200401000-00021","volume":"418","author":"DS Korres","year":"2004","unstructured":"Korres DS, Karachalios Th et al (2004) The structural properties of the axis studied in cadaveric specimens. Clin Orthop Relat Res 418:134\u2013140","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1895_CR3","unstructured":"Gadaifis N (2014) Study of the periosteum and its vascularity as a possible factor for the incidence of pseudarthrosis in different types of fracture of the odontoid process of the axis vertebra. Dissertation. Medical School, University of Athens (in Greek)"},{"key":"1895_CR4","unstructured":"Roy-Camille R, Lepresie PH, Mazel C (1986) Les fractures del\u2019 odontoid. In: Roy-Camille (ed) Rachis cervical sup\u00e9rieur Masson Cie Paris. Masson, Paris, pp 99\u2013118"},{"issue":"2","key":"1895_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-015-1717-z","volume":"26","author":"DS Korres","year":"2015","unstructured":"Korres DS, Lazaretos J, Papailiou Kyriakopoulos E, Chytas D, Efstathopoulos NE, Nikolaou VS (2015) Morphometric analysis of the odontoid process: using computed tomography\u2014in the Greek population. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 26(2):119\u2013125","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1895_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0990-7","volume":"15","author":"M Gebauer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gebauer M, Lohse C, Barvencik F, Pogoda P, Rueger JM, P\u00fcschel K, Amling M (2006) Subdental synchondrosis and anatomy of the axis in aging: a histomorphometric study on 30 autopsy cases. Eur Spine J 15(3):292\u2013298","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1895_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0809-4","volume":"17Q","author":"M Gebauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gebauer M, Amling M (2008) The development of the axis vertebra: the key to a topographic classification of dens fractures. Eur Spine J 17Q:1775\u20131778","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1895_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang XP, Deng ZC, Liang ZI, Tu YM (2008) Response to reply to the letter to the editor concerning \u201cGebauer et al subdentale sychondrosie and anatomy of the axis in the aging: a histomorphometric study on 30 autopsy cases\u201d. Eur Spine J 15:292\u2013298, the base of the dens axis. Where is it located? Eur Spine J 17:1771\u20131774","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0808-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"1895_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.159565","volume":"2015","author":"WT O\u2019Brien","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien WT, Shen P, Lee P (2015) The dens: normal development, developmental variants and anomalies, and traumatic injuries. J Clin Imaging Sci 2015(5):38","journal-title":"J Clin Imaging Sci"},{"key":"1895_CR10","first-page":"183","volume":"66","author":"R Roy-Camille","year":"1980","unstructured":"Roy-Camille R, Saillant G, Judet Th, De Bollon G, Michel C (1980) Elements de pronostic des fractures de l\u2019 odontoide. Rev Chir Orthop 66:183\u2013186","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"1895_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.53B3.392","volume":"53","author":"J Schatzker","year":"1971","unstructured":"Schatzker J et al (1971) Fractures of the dens (odontoid process): an analysis of thirty-seven cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br 53:392\u2013405","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1895_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456080-00017","volume":"56","author":"LD Anderson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Anderson LD, D\u2019Alonzo R (1974) Fractures of the odontoid process of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56:1663\u20131674","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1895_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/ort.1979.50.suppl-177.01","volume":"177","author":"B Althoff","year":"1979","unstructured":"Althoff B, Bardholm H (1979) Fractures of the odontoid process. An experimental and clinical study. Acta Orthop Scan Suppl 177:1\u201391","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scan Suppl"},{"key":"1895_CR14","first-page":"783","volume":"67","author":"G Mourgues De","year":"1981","unstructured":"De Mourgues G, Fischer LP, Bejui J, Carret JP, Gonon GP, Subasi H, Amoa J, Herzberg G, Massardier J (1981) Fractures of the odontoid process. Rev Chir Orthop Repara Appar Mot 67:783\u2013790 (in French)","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Repara Appar Mot"},{"key":"1895_CR15","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Traumatisme du rachis cervical sup\u00e9rieur C1\u2013C2","author":"R Roy-Camille","year":"1973","unstructured":"Roy-Camille R, De La Caffiniere JH, Saillant G (1973) Traumatisme du rachis cervical sup\u00e9rieur C1\u2013C2. Masson, Paris, pp 51\u201355"},{"key":"1895_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-007-0284-3","volume":"18","author":"DS Korres","year":"2008","unstructured":"Korres DS, Mavrogenis AF, Gratsias P, Lyritis GP, Papagelopoulos PJ (2008) It is time to reconsider the classification of dens fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 18:189\u2013195","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"1895_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.4.0665","volume":"74","author":"T Bergenheim","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bergenheim T, Forssel A (1991) Vertical odontoid fracture-case report. J Neurosurg 74:665\u2013667","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1895_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-010-0636-2","volume":"20","author":"DS Korres","year":"2010","unstructured":"Korres DS, Mavrogenis AF, Gratsias P, Posantzis MP, Giannakopoulos EA, Efstathopoulos NE (2010) Type D fractures of the odontoid process. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 20:597\u2013601","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"1895_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00932449","volume":"2","author":"DS Korres","year":"1989","unstructured":"Korres DS, Stamos KG, Andreakos AG, Chr Hardouvelis, Kouris A (1989) Fractures of the dens and risk of pseudarthrosis. Arch Orhop Trauma Surg 2:373\u2013376","journal-title":"Arch Orhop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"1895_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.81.2.0206","volume":"81","author":"E Benzel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Benzel E, Hart BL et al (1994) Fractures of the C2 vertebral body. J Neurosurg 81:206\u2013212","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1895_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198801000-00010","volume":"22","author":"MN Hadley","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hadley MN, Brown CM et al (1988) New subtype of acute odontoid fractures (type IIA). Neurosurgery 22:67\u201371","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1895_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.09.014","volume":"5","author":"JN Gauer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gauer JN, Shaft B et al (2005) Proposal of a modified, treatment-oriented classification of odontoid fractures. Spine J 5:123\u2013129","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"1895_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1903-6","volume":"20","author":"M Reihold","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reihold M, Bellabarba C et al (2011) Radiographic analysis of type II odontoid fractures in a geriatric patient population: description and pathomechanism of the \u201cGeier\u201d\u2013deformity. Eur Spine J 20:1928\u20131939","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1895_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E797","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000208555.34661.CD","volume":"58","author":"A Jea","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jea A, Tatsui C, Hamad F, Vanni S, Levi A (2006) Vertically unstable type III odontoid fractures: case report. Neurosurgery 58(4):E797","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"1895_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1515\/romneu-2016-0009","volume":"XXX","author":"D Adam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adam D, Cergan R, Iftimie D, Moisescu C (2016) Odontoid fracture that is not listed in the existing classifications A new subtype of odontoid fracture: case report. Rom Neurosurg XXX(1):57\u201364","journal-title":"Rom Neurosurg"},{"key":"1895_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"H Koller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koller H, Kammermeier V et al (2006) Spinal stenosis C1\u2013C2 following redo surgery for failed odontoid screw fixation-scrutinizing the odontoid fracture classification. Internet J Spine Surg 3:1\u201311","journal-title":"Internet J Spine Surg"},{"key":"1895_CR27","unstructured":"Marra MA (2013) Study of dens fracture in the elderly and the role of osteoporosis with a finite element model. Master of Science Thesis in Medical Engineering. Stockholm, 2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"1895_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1677-x","volume":"469","author":"V Denaro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Denaro V, Papalia R, Di Martino A, Denaro L, Maffulli N (2011) The best surgical treatment for type II fractures of the dens is still controversial. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469(3):742\u2013750","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1895_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"A Falavigna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Falavigna A (2016) Management of type II odontoid process fracture in octogenarians (editorial). J Neurosurg Spine 19:1\u20132","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-016-1895-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-016-1895-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-016-1895-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T03:34:43Z","timestamp":1568691283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-016-1895-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-016-1895-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1633-8065","1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1633-8065","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]}}}