{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:48:43Z","timestamp":1782773323843,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-018-2146-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T00:24:02Z","timestamp":1518135842000},"page":"741-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Treatment of tibial nonunion with bone defect using a heterotopic ossification as autologous bone graft: literature overview and case report"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Schlumberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Koidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Eichinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2146_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198408000-00009","volume":"24","author":"RB Gustilo","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN (1984) Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma 24(8):742\u2013746","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"2146_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.27948","volume":"94","author":"A Soni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Soni A, Tzafetta K, Knight S, Giannoudis PV (2012) Gustilo IIIC fractures in the lower limb: our 15-year experience. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94(5):698\u2013703. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.27948","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"2146_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2012.4.4.313","volume":"4","author":"JW Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim JW, Oh CW, Jung WJ, Kim JS (2012) Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for open fractures of the proximal tibia. Clin Orthop Surg 4(4):313\u2013320. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4055\/cios.2012.4.4.313","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2146_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-009-9170-5","volume":"35","author":"M Faschingbauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faschingbauer M, Meiners J, Schulz AP, Rudolf KD, Kienast B (2009) Operative treatment and soft tissue management of open distal tibial fractures\u2014pitfalls and results. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 35(6):527\u2013531. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-009-9170-5","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2146_CR5","first-page":"183","volume":"86","author":"S Paderni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paderni S, Trentani P, Grippo G, Bianchi G, Squarzina PB, Tigani D (2001) Intramedullary osteosynthesis after external fixation. Chir Organi Mov 86(3):183\u2013190","journal-title":"Chir Organi Mov"},{"issue":"7","key":"2146_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B7.10482","volume":"82","author":"S Gopal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gopal S, Majumder S, Batchelor AG, Knight SL, De Boer P, Smith RM (2000) Fix and flap: the radical orthopaedic and plastic treatment of severe open fractures of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82(7):959\u2013966","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"2146_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B3.7744925","volume":"77","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"1995","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Keating JF, Christie J, McQueen MM (1995) Exchange intramedullary nailing. Its use in aseptic tibial nonunion. J Bone Joint Surg Br 77(3):407\u2013411","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"2146_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.10.017","volume":"101","author":"X Roussignol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roussignol X, Sigonney G, Potage D, Etienne M, Duparc F, Dujardin F (2015) Secondary nailing after external fixation for tibial shaft fracture: risk factors for union and infection. A 55 case series. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 101(1):89\u201392. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.10.017","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2146_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020000252","volume":"121","author":"AH Karladani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karladani AH, Granhed H, Karrholm J, Styf J (2001) The influence of fracture etiology and type on fracture healing: a review of 104 consecutive tibial shaft fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 121(6):325\u2013328","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2146_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2488-7","volume":"136","author":"B Binod","year":"2016","unstructured":"Binod B, Nagmani S, Bigyan B, Rakesh J, Prashant A (2016) Atrophic, aseptic, tibial nonunion: how effective is modified Judet\u2019s osteoperiosteal decortication technique and buttress plating? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 136(8):1069\u20131076. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-016-2488-7","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2146_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000166","volume":"29","author":"EA Swanson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Swanson EA, Garrard EC, Bernstein DT, O\u2019Connor DP, Brinker MR (2015) Results of a systematic approach to exchange nailing for the treatment of aseptic femoral nonunions. J Orthop Trauma 29(1):21\u201327. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000166","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2146_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2017002","volume":"3","author":"N Kusnezov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kusnezov N, Prabhakar G, Dallo M, Thabet AM, Abdelgawad AA (2017) Bone grafting via reamer-irrigator-aspirator for nonunion of open Gustilo\u2013Anderson type III tibial fractures treated with multiplanar external fixator. SICOT J 3:30. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/sicotj\/2017002","journal-title":"SICOT J"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"2146_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(15)30017-6","volume":"46","author":"A Moghaddam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moghaddam A, Zietzschmann S, Bruckner T, Schmidmaier G (2015) Treatment of atrophic tibia non-unions according to \u2018diamond concept\u2019: results of one- and two-step treatment. Injury 46(Suppl 4):S39\u2013S50. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-1383(15)30017-6","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"2146_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-013-1032-9","volume":"183","author":"K Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu K, Fu X, Li YM, Wang CG, Li ZJ (2014) A treatment for large defects of the tibia caused by infected nonunion: Ilizarov method with bone segment extension. Ir J Med Sci 183(3):423\u2013428. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-013-1032-9","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2146_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2523-8","volume":"136","author":"AF Sadek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sadek AF, Laklok MA, Fouly EH, Elshafie M (2016) Two stage reconstruction versus bone transport in management of resistant infected tibial diaphyseal nonunion with a gap. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 136(9):1233\u20131241. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-016-2523-8","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"2146_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309287","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/309287","volume":"2011","author":"L Kan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kan L, Kessler JA (2011) Animal models of typical heterotopic ossification. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011:309287. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/309287","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2146_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197355080-00006","volume":"55","author":"AF Brooker","year":"1973","unstructured":"Brooker AF, Bowerman JW, Robinson RA, Riley LH Jr (1973) Ectopic ossification following total hip replacement. Incidence and a method of classification. J Bone Joint Surg Am 55(8):1629\u20131632","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"2146_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3944\/AOTT.2012.2876","volume":"46","author":"K Ozaksar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ozaksar K, Sugun TS, Toros T, Gurbuz Y, Kayalar M, Ozerkan F (2012) Free vascularized fibular grafts in Type 3 open tibia fractures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 46(6):430\u2013437","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2146_CR19","first-page":"346","volume":"45","author":"AC Masquelet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Masquelet AC, Fitoussi F, Begue T, Muller GP (2000) Reconstruction of the long bones by the induced membrane and spongy autograft. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 45(3):346\u2013353","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2146_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200002000-00002","volume":"14","author":"D Paley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paley D, Maar DC (2000) Ilizarov bone transport treatment for tibial defects. J Orthop Trauma 14(2):76\u201385","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2146_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-011-0866-y","volume":"22","author":"J Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park J, Kim JR, Yang KH (2012) Treatment for a femoral shaft bone defect using heterotopic bone formation as autograft. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 22(Suppl 1):135\u2013138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-011-0866-y","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2146_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1992.58","volume":"30","author":"MH Kurer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kurer MH, Khoker MA, Dandona P (1992) Human osteoblast stimulation by sera from paraplegic patients with heterotopic ossification. Paraplegia 30(3):165\u2013168. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.1992.58","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"issue":"5","key":"2146_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0034-1","volume":"97","author":"OG Davies","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davies OG, Grover LM, Eisenstein N, Lewis MP, Liu Y (2015) Identifying the cellular mechanisms leading to heterotopic ossification. Calcif Tissue Int 97(5):432\u2013444. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-015-0034-1","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2146_CR24","first-page":"346","volume":"43","author":"D Shehab","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shehab D, Elgazzar AH, Collier BD (2002) Heterotopic ossification. J Nucl Med 43(3):346\u2013353","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2146_CR25","first-page":"13","volume":"263","author":"DE Garland","year":"1991","unstructured":"Garland DE (1991) A clinical perspective on common forms of acquired heterotopic ossification. Clin Orthop Relat Res 263:13\u201329","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"2146_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01056","volume":"97","author":"K Ranganathan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ranganathan K, Loder S, Agarwal S, Wong VW, Forsberg J, Davis TA, Wang S, James AW, Levi B (2015) Heterotopic ossification: basic-science principles and clinical correlates. J Bone Joint Surg Am 97(13):1101\u20131111. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.N.01056","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2146_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020050379","volume":"119","author":"M Wick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wick M, Muller EJ, Hahn MP, Muhr G (1999) Surgical excision of heterotopic bone after hip surgery followed by oral indomethacin application: is there a clinical benefit for the patient? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 119(3\u20134):151\u2013155","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2146_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-017-1980-2","volume":"27","author":"GA Macheras","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macheras GA, Lepetsos P, Leonidou A, Anastasopoulos PP, Galanakos SP, Tsiridis E (2017) Results from the surgical resection of severe heterotopic ossification of the hip: a case series of 26 patients. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 27(8):1097\u20131102. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-017-1980-2","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-018-2146-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-018-2146-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-018-2146-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T21:26:43Z","timestamp":1549661203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-018-2146-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-018-2146-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1633-8065","1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1633-8065","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}