{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:41:24Z","timestamp":1777002084982,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-020-02825-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T18:02:41Z","timestamp":1605117761000},"page":"755-762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Treatment of aseptic nonunion after medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3382-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Rosteius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Rausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Lotzien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Seybold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Armin","family":"Schildhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Ge\u00dfmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2825_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1335-6","volume":"19","author":"G Meidinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meidinger G, Imhoff AB, Paul J, Kirchhoff C, Sauerschnig M, Hinterwimmer S (2011) May smokers and overweight patients be treated with a medial open-wedge HTO? Risk factors for non-union. Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc 19(3):333\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-010-1335-6","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2825_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0889-8","volume":"34","author":"A Amendola","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amendola A, Bonasia DE (2010) Results of high tibial osteotomy: review of the literature. IntOrthop 34(2):155\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-009-0889-8","journal-title":"IntOrthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"2825_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199302000-00006","volume":"75","author":"MB Coventry","year":"1993","unstructured":"Coventry MB, Ilstrup DM, Wallrichs SL (1993) Proximal tibial osteotomy a critical long-term study of eighty-seven cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75(2):196\u2013201","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"2825_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3693-6","volume":"25","author":"A W-Dahl","year":"2017","unstructured":"W-Dahl A, Toksyig-Larsen S, Lindstrand A (2017) Ten-year results of physical activity after high tibial osteotomy in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc 25(3):902\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-015-3693-6","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc"},{"issue":"17","key":"2825_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00786","volume":"96","author":"T Duivenvoorden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duivenvoorden T, Brouwer RW, Baan A, Bos PK, Reijman M, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Verhaar JA (2014) Comparison of closing-wedge and opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial with a six-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am 96(17):1425\u20131432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.M.00786","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"2825_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1668124","volume":"32","author":"J Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu J, Tang S, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu C, Niu Y, Cao P, Wang F (2019) Clinical outcomes of closing- and opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy for treatment of anteromedialunicompartmental knee osteoarthritis. J Knee Surg 32(8):758\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1668124","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"key":"2825_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.045","volume":"60","author":"Z Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Z, Zeng Y, She W, Luo X, Cai L (2018) Is opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy superior to closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy in treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg 60:153\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.045","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2825_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171700","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171700","volume":"12","author":"L Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu L, Lin J, Jin Z, Cai X, Gao W (2017) Comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes between opening-wedge and closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 12(2):e0171700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0171700","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2825_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2015.09.018","volume":"23","author":"T Woodacre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woodacre T, Ricketts M, Evans JT, Pavlou G, Schranz P, Hockings M, Toms A (2016) Complications associated with opening wedge high tibial osteotomy\u2013a review of the literature and of 15 years of experience. Knee 23(2):276\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2015.09.018","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"3","key":"2825_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247752","volume":"22","author":"KP Valkering","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valkering KP, van den Bekerom MP, Kappelhoff FM, Albers GH (2009) Complications after tomofix medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. J Knee Surg 22(3):218\u2013225","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2825_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.12.020","volume":"25","author":"BS Miller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miller BS, Downie B, McDonough EB, Wojtys EM (2009) Complications after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. Arthroscopy 25(6):639\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.12.020","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"10","key":"2825_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-003-0588-7","volume":"124","author":"G Spahn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spahn G (2004) Complications in high tibial (medial opening wedge) osteotomy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 124(10):649\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-003-0588-7","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2825_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3730-5","volume":"25","author":"J Dexel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dexel J, Fritzsche H, Beyer F, Harman MK, Lutzner J (2017) Open-wedge high tibial osteotomy: incidence of lateral cortex fractures and influence of fixation device on osteotomy healing. Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc 25(3):832\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-015-3730-5","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2825_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670000138","volume":"8","author":"S Aydogdu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aydogdu S, Cullu E, Arac N, Varolgunes N, Sur H (2000) Prolonged peroneal nerve dysfunction after high tibial osteotomy: pre- and postoperative electrophysiological study. Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc 8(5):305\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001670000138","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc"},{"key":"2825_CR15","first-page":"18","volume":"367","author":"D Naudie","year":"1999","unstructured":"Naudie D, Bourne RB, Rorabeck CH, Bourne TJ (1999) The install award. Survivorship of the high tibial valgus osteotomy. A 10- to -22-year followup study. ClinOrthopRelat Res 367:18\u201327","journal-title":"ClinOrthopRelat Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2825_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860070-00018","volume":"60","author":"B Tjornstrand","year":"1978","unstructured":"Tjornstrand B, Hagstedt B, Persson BM (1978) Results of surgical treatment for non-union after high tibial osteotomy in osteoarthritis of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 60(7):973\u2013977","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"2825_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-003-0593-0","volume":"33","author":"P Lobenhoffer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lobenhoffer P, Agneskirchner J, Zoch W (2004) Open valgus alignment osteotomy of the proximal tibia with fixation by medial plate fixator. Orthopade 33(2):153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00132-003-0593-0","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"issue":"4","key":"2825_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3383-y","volume":"472","author":"AH van Houten","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Houten AH, Heesterbeek PJ, van Heerwaarden RJ, van Tienen TG, Wymenga AB (2014) Medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy: can delayed or nonunion be predicted? ClinOrthopRelat Res 472(4):1217\u20131223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-013-3383-y","journal-title":"ClinOrthopRelat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2825_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0485-1","volume":"13","author":"SJ Warden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Warden SJ, Morris HG, Crossley KM, Brukner PD, Bennell KL (2005) Delayed- and non-union following opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: surgeons\u2019 results from 182 completed cases. Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc 13(1):34\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-003-0485-1","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2825_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.06.034","volume":"28","author":"R Takeuchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takeuchi R, Ishikawa H, Kumagai K, Yamaguchi Y, Chiba N, Akamatsu Y, Saito T (2012) Fractures around the lateral cortical hinge after a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy: a new classification of lateral hinge fracture. Arthroscopy 28(1):85\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.06.034","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2825_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181a7c16d","volume":"68","author":"DB Whelan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Whelan DB, Bhandari M, Stephen D, Kreder H, McKee MD, Zdero R, Schemitsch EH (2010) Development of the radiographic union score for tibial fractures for the assessment of tibial fracture healing after intramedullary fixation. J Trauma 68(3):629\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181a7c16d","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2825_CR22","first-page":"207","volume":"250","author":"AM Wolff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wolff AM, Krackow KA (1990) The treatment of nonunion of proximal tibial osteotomy with internal fixation. ClinOrthopRelat Res 250:207\u2013215","journal-title":"ClinOrthopRelat Res"},{"key":"2825_CR23","first-page":"230","volume":"193","author":"J Schatzker","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schatzker J, Burgess RC, Glynn MK (1985) The management of nonunions following high tibial osteotomies. ClinOrthopRelat Res 193:230\u2013233","journal-title":"ClinOrthopRelat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2825_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-012-0138-3","volume":"7","author":"JJ Gillooly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gillooly JJ, Tilkeridis K, Simonis RB, Monsell F (2012) The treatment of high tibial osteotomy non-union with the Ilizarov external fixator. Strateg Trauma Limb Reconstr 7(2):93\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11751-012-0138-3","journal-title":"Strateg Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2825_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.13107\/jocr.2250-0685.530","volume":"6","author":"TS Ming","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ming TS, Koon WM (2016) Autologous bone grafting and revision plating in a case of persistent high tibial osteotomy non-union. J Orthop Case Rep 6(3):91\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13107\/jocr.2250-0685.530","journal-title":"J Orthop Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2825_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2008.01.011","volume":"15","author":"R Gandhi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gandhi R, Alomran A, Mahomed N (2008) Bilateral non-union of high tibial osteotomies treated by total knee arthroplasty: a case report. Knee 15(3):242\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2008.01.011","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"3","key":"2825_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658201000306","volume":"10","author":"J Lysholm","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lysholm J, Gillquist J (1982) Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring scale. Am J Sports Med 10(3):150\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/036354658201000306","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2825_CR28","first-page":"167","volume":"287","author":"HU Cameron","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cameron HU, Welsh RP, Jung YB, Noftall F (1993) Repair of nonunion of tibial osteotomy. ClinOrthopRelat Res 287:167\u2013169","journal-title":"ClinOrthopRelat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2825_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514525929","volume":"42","author":"R Martin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martin R, Birmingham TB, Willits K, Litchfield R, Lebel ME, Giffin JR (2014) Adverse event rates and classifications in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. Am J Sports Med 42(5):1118\u20131126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546514525929","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2825_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.08.028","volume":"31","author":"S Schroter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schroter S, Freude T, Kopp MM, Konstantinidis L, Dobele S, Stockle U, van Heerwaarden R (2015) Smoking and unstable hinge fractures cause delayed gap filling irrespective of early weight bearing after open wedge osteotomy. Arthroscopy 31(2):254\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.08.028","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"9","key":"2825_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.06.007","volume":"19","author":"K Stoffel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stoffel K, Stachowiak G, Kuster M (2004) Open wedge high tibial osteotomy: biomechanical investigation of the modified arthrex osteotomy plate (Puddu plate) and the tomofix plate. ClinBiomech (Bristol, Avon) 19(9):944\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.06.007","journal-title":"ClinBiomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2825_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.12.006","volume":"43","author":"RM Raja Izaham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Raja Izaham RM, Abdul Kadir MR, Abdul Rashid AH, Hossain MG, Kamarul T (2012) Finite element analysis of Puddu and Tomofix plate fixation for open wedge high tibial osteotomy. Injury 43(6):898\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2011.12.006","journal-title":"Injury"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02825-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02825-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02825-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T04:11:53Z","timestamp":1618632713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02825-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02825-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1633-8065","1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1633-8065","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"TR, VR, SL, DS, TAS and JG confirm that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All patients agreed to participate in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have approved the publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There is a positive statement of the Institutional Review Board for this work (registered number <u>16\u20135871-BR<\/u>).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}