{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T18:59:34Z","timestamp":1775933974866,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-020-02832-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T08:02:55Z","timestamp":1605772975000},"page":"769-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Proximal humeral nail for treatment of 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in the elderly population: effective and safe in experienced hands"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1642-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arie","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Rosinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Gafni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yona","family":"Kosashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2832_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.11.009","volume":"49","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Duckworth AD, Clement ND, McQueen MM (2018) Fractures in older adults. a view of the future? Injury 49:2161\u20132166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2018.11.009","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2832_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2015.22.1.17","volume":"22","author":"C Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park C, Jang S, Lee A et al (2015) Incidence and mortality after proximal humerus fractures over 50\u00a0years of age in South Korea: national claim data from 2008 to 2012. J Bone Metab 22:17\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11005\/jbm.2015.22.1.17","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"key":"2832_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.09.017","volume":"100","author":"M Maravic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maravic M, Briot K, Roux C, des M\u00e9decins Rhumatologues CF (2014) Burden of proximal humerus fractures in the French National Hospital Database. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 100:931\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.09.017","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"2832_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.12.025","volume":"100","author":"S Carbone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carbone S, Mezzoprete R, Papalia M et al (2018) Radiographic patterns of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures. Eur J Radiol 100:43\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.12.025","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2832_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01529","volume":"91","author":"J Clinton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clinton J, Franta A, Polissar NL et al (2009) Proximal humeral fracture as a risk factor for subsequent hip fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91:503\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.G.01529","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2832_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.09.008","volume":"20","author":"E Calvo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Calvo E, Morcillo D, Foruria AM et al (2011) Nondisplaced proximal humeral fractures: high incidence among outpatient-treated osteoporotic fractures and severe impact on upper extremity function and patient subjective health perception. J Shoulder Elb Surg 20:795\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2010.09.008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"2832_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052060-00001","volume":"52","author":"CS Neer","year":"1970","unstructured":"Neer CS (1970) Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 52:1077\u20131089","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2832_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200711101-00001","volume":"21","author":"JL Marsh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marsh JL, Slongo TF, Agel J et al (2007) Fracture and dislocation classification compendium-2007: orthopaedic trauma association classification, database and outcomes committee. J Orthop Trauma 21:S1-133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-200711101-00001","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2832_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000434.pub4","author":"HHG Handoll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Handoll HHG, Brorson S (2015) Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000434.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2832_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1629","volume":"313","author":"A Rangan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rangan A, Handoll H, Brealey S et al (2015) Surgical vs nonsurgical treatment of adults with displaced fractures of the proximal humerus: the PROFHER randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313:1037\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.1629","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2832_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3569-0","volume":"41","author":"LL Nowak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nowak LL, Vicente MR, McKee MD et al (2017) Orthopaedic surgeons\u2019 opinions surrounding the management of proximal humerus fractures: an international survey. Int Orthop 41:1749\u20131755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3569-0","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2832_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3498-y","volume":"41","author":"SA Euler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Euler SA, Petri M, Venderley MB et al (2017) Biomechanical evaluation of straight antegrade nailing in proximal humeral fractures: the rationale of the \u201cproximal anchoring point.\u201d Int Orthop 41:1715\u20131721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3498-y","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2832_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.127096","volume":"11","author":"LA Michener","year":"2002","unstructured":"Michener LA, McClure PW, Sennett BJ (2002) American shoulder and elbow surgeons standardized shoulder assessment form, patient self-report section: reliability, validity, and responsiveness. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 11:587\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mse.2002.127096","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2832_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.09.029","volume":"23","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt S, Ferrer M, Gonz\u00e1lez M et al (2014) Evaluation of shoulder-specific patient-reported outcome measures: a systematic and standardized comparison of available evidence. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 23:434\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2013.09.029","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2832_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.09.033","volume":"27","author":"J LaMartina","year":"2018","unstructured":"LaMartina J, Christmas KN, Simon P et al (2018) Difficulty in decision making in the treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures: the effect of uncertainty on surgical outcomes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 27:470\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2017.09.033","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2832_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e509","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20160427-08","volume":"39","author":"SB Bhat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhat SB, Secrist ES, Austin LS et al (2016) Displaced proximal humerus fractures in older patients: shoulder surgeons versus traumatologists. Orthopedics 39:e509-513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20160427-08","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2832_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.10.038","volume":"45","author":"M Kloub","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kloub M, Holub K, Polakova S (2014) Nailing of three- and four-part fractures of the humeral head\u2013long-term results. Injury 45(1):S29-37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.10.038","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2832_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.029","author":"M Kloub","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kloub M, Holub K, Urban J et al (2019) Intramedullary nailing of displaced four-part fractures of the proximal humerus. Injury. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.029","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2832_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-015-0384-5","volume":"17","author":"J Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong J, Newman JM, Gruson KI (2016) Outcomes of intramedullary nailing for acute proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review. J Orthop Traumatol 17:113\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10195-015-0384-5","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"2832_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.02.007","volume":"49","author":"S Mehta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehta S, Chin M, Sanville J et al (2018) Calcar screw position in proximal humerus fracture fixation: don\u2019t miss high! Injury 49:624\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2018.02.007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2832_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-9-31","volume":"9","author":"J Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu J, Zhang C, Wang T (2014) Avascular necrosis in proximal humeral fractures in patients treated with operative fixation: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 9:31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-799X-9-31","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"2832_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-9493-7-34","volume":"7","author":"A Tepass","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tepass A, Rolauffs B, Weise K et al (2013) Complication rates and outcomes stratified by treatment modalities in proximal humeral fractures: a systematic literature review from 1970\u20132009. Patient Saf Surg 7:34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1754-9493-7-34","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"key":"2832_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.01.021","volume":"47","author":"CE Capriccioso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Capriccioso CE, Zuckerman JD, Egol KA (2016) Initial varus displacement of proximal humerus fractures results in similar function but higher complication rates. Injury 47:909\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2016.01.021","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2832_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.09.015","volume":"102","author":"F Gadea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gadea F, Favard L, Boileau P et al (2016) Fixation of 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus: can we identify radiological criteria that support locking plates or IM nailing? Comparative, retrospective study of 107 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 102:963\u2013970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.09.015","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"2832_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1345-0","volume":"14","author":"X Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi X, Liu H, Xing R et al (2019) Effect of intramedullary nail and locking plate in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture: an update systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 14:285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-019-1345-0","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2832_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30848-8","volume":"47","author":"M Lange","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lange M, Brandt D, Mittlmeier T, Gradl G (2016) Proximal humeral fractures: non-operative treatment versus intramedullary nailing in 2-, 3- and 4-part fractures. Injury 47(7):S14\u2013S19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30848-8","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2832_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.12.022","volume":"25","author":"BU Nwachukwu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nwachukwu BU, Schairer WW, McCormick F et al (2016) Arthroplasty for the surgical management of complex proximal humerus fractures in the elderly: a cost-utility analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25:704\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2015.12.022","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2832_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-010-1021-9","volume":"35","author":"G R\u00f6derer","year":"2011","unstructured":"R\u00f6derer G, Gebhard F, Krischak G et al (2011) Biomechanical in vitro assessment of fixed angle plating using a new concept of locking for the treatment of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures. Int Orthop 35:535\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-010-1021-9","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2832_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.008","volume":"22","author":"B Jost","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jost B, Spross C, Grehn H, Gerber C (2013) Locking plate fixation of fractures of the proximal humerus: analysis of complications, revision strategies and outcome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 22:542\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02832-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02832-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02832-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T04:12:26Z","timestamp":1618632746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02832-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02832-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1633-8065","1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1633-8065","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest in regard to the content of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Details that might disclose the identity of the subjects under study have been omitted. This study was approved by the IRB (IRB ID: 0204-18-KMC).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}