{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T21:15:19Z","timestamp":1780953319646,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-022-03311-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T10:04:07Z","timestamp":1655719447000},"page":"1541-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Is preoperative fat infiltration in lumbar spine muscles associated with worse clinical outcomes after lumbar interbody fusion?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"irct20200712048085n1","registry":"10.18810\/irct"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1880-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Amorim-Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Catelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rodrigues-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9178","key":"3311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01312-4","volume":"354","author":"GB Andersson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Andersson GB (1999) Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet 354(9178):581\u2013585","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"3311_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.03.039","volume":"15","author":"AJ Teichtahl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teichtahl AJ, Urquhart DM, Wang Y, Wluka AE, Wijethilake P, O\u2019Sullivan R, Cicuttini FM (2015) Fat infiltration of paraspinal muscles is associated with low back pain, disability, and structural abnormalities in community-based adults. Spine J 15(7):1593\u20131601","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"24","key":"3311_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199712150-00020","volume":"22","author":"PB O'Sullivan","year":"1997","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan PB, Phyty GD, Twomey LT, Allison GT (1997) Evaluation of specific stabilizing exercise in the treatment of chronic low back pain with radiologic diagnosis of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Spine 22(24):2959\u20132967","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"3311_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(03)00042-7","volume":"13","author":"PW Hodges","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hodges PW, Moseley GL (2003) Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 13(4):361\u2013370","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3311_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(99)00010-3","volume":"9","author":"AF Mannion","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mannion AF (1999) Fibre type characteristics and function of the human paraspinal muscles: normal values and changes in association with low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 9(6):363\u2013377","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3311_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000189","volume":"9","author":"AF Mannion","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mannion AF, K\u00e4ser L, Weber E, Rhyner A, Dvorak J, M\u00fcntener M (2000) Influence of age and duration of symptoms on fibre type distribution and size of the back muscles in chronic low back pain patients. Eur Spine J 9(4):273\u2013281","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"3311_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-5-2","volume":"5","author":"P Kjaer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kjaer P, Bendix T, Sorensen JS, Korsholm L, Leboeuf-Yde C (2007) Are mri-defined fat infiltrations in the multifidus muscles associated with low back pain? BMC Med 5:2","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1053","key":"3311_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140546","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140546","volume":"88","author":"Q Wan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wan Q, Lin C, Li X, Zeng W, Ma C (2015) Mri assessment of paraspinal muscles in patients with acute and chronic unilateral low back pain. Br J Radiol 88(1053):20140546","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"3311_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E515","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000144405.11661.eb","volume":"29","author":"KL Barker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barker KL, Shamley DR, Jackson D (2004) Changes in the cross-sectional area of multifidus and psoas in patients with unilateral back pain: the relationship to pain and disability. Spine. 29(22):E515-519","journal-title":"Spine."},{"issue":"7","key":"3311_CR10","first-page":"E985","volume":"19","author":"D Goubert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goubert D, Oosterwijck JV, Meeus M, Danneels L (2016) Structural changes of lumbar muscles in non-specific low back pain: a systematic review. Pain Physician 19(7):E985\u2013E1000","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"6","key":"3311_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06423-6","volume":"29","author":"JE Jermy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jermy JE, Copley PC, Poon MTC, Demetriades AK (2020) Does pre-operative multifidus morphology on mri predict clinical outcomes in adults following surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar spine disease? A systematic review. Eur Spine J 29(6):1318\u20131327","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3311_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1505-5","volume":"18","author":"K Storheim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Storheim K, Berg L, Hellum C, Gjertsen \u00d8, Neckelmann G, Espeland A, Keller A (2017) Fat in the lumbar multifidus muscles\u2014predictive value and change following disc prosthesis surgery and multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc: 2-year follow-up of a randomized trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):145","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3311_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.08.109","volume":"107","author":"F Guan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guan F, Bao R, Zhu L, Guan G, Chi Z, Gu J, Yu Z (2017) Risk factors of postoperative low back pain for low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis: an at least 2-year follow-up retrospective study. World Neurosurg 107:789\u2013794","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3311_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.07.010","volume":"94","author":"J Gu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gu J, Guan F, Zhu L, Guan G, Chi Z, Wang H, Yu Z (2016) Risk factors of postoperative low back pain for lumbar spine disease. World Neurosurg 94:248\u2013254","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3311_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5485-4","volume":"27","author":"K Tamai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tamai K, Chen J, Stone M, Arakelyan A, Paholpak P, Nakamura H, Buser Z, Wang JC (2018) The evaluation of lumbar paraspinal muscle quantity and quality using the goutallier classification and lumbar indentation value. Eur Spine J 27(5):1005\u20131012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3311_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-181304","volume":"33","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Liu J, Zhou W, Yu D (2020) Relationship between straight leg-raising test measurements and area of fat infiltration in multifidus muscles in patients with lumbar disc hernation. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 33(1):57\u201363","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"3311_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.1999.0340","volume":"55","author":"DF Kader","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kader DF, Wardlaw D, Smith FW (2000) Correlation between the mri changes in the lumbar multifidus muscles and leg pain. Clin Radiol 55(2):145\u2013149","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3311_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2011.05.007","volume":"16","author":"J Hides","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hides J, Stanton W, Mendis MD, Sexton M (2011) The relationship of transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus clinical muscle tests in patients with chronic low back pain. Man Ther 16(6):573\u2013577","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"3311_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1957.02980070014003","volume":"164","author":"JJ Bonica","year":"1957","unstructured":"Bonica JJ (1957) Management of myofascial pain syndromes in general practice. J Am Med Assoc 164(7):732\u2013738","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3311_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199203000-00011","volume":"5","author":"R Parkkola","year":"1992","unstructured":"Parkkola R, Kormano M (1992) Lumbar disc and back muscle degeneration on MRI: correlation to age and body mass. J Spinal Disord 5(1):86\u201392","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3311_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2019.09.006","volume":"26","author":"T Hida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hida T, Eastlack RK, Kanemura T, Mundis GM, Imagama S, Akbarnia BA (2021) Effect of race, age, and gender on lumbar muscle volume and fat infiltration in the degenerative spine. J Orthop Sci 26(1):69\u201374","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3311_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200306000-00008","volume":"16","author":"K Storheim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Storheim K, Holm I, Gunderson R, Brox JI, B\u00f8 K (2003) The effect of comprehensive group training on cross-sectional area, density, and strength of paraspinal muscles in patients sick-listed for subacute low back pain. J Spinal Disord Tech 16(3):271\u2013279","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"8","key":"3311_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104150-00014","volume":"26","author":"L K\u00e4ser","year":"2001","unstructured":"K\u00e4ser L, Mannion AF, Rhyner A, Weber E, Dvorak J, M\u00fcntener M (2001) Active therapy for chronic low back pain: part 2. Effects on paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area, fiber type size, and distribution. Spine 26(8):909\u2013919","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"3311_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.6.SPINE20238","volume":"34","author":"PG Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan PG, Mummaneni PV, Guinn JMV, Rivera J, Berven SH, Chou D (2020) Is the goutallier grade of multifidus fat infiltration associated with adjacent-segment degeneration after lumbar spinal fusion? J Neurosurg Spine 34(2):190\u2013195","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"3311_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.14444\/2025","volume":"9","author":"E Tabaraee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tabaraee E, Ahn J, Bohl DD, Phillips FM, Singh K (2015) Quantification of multifidus atrophy and fatty infiltration following a minimally invasive microdiscectomy. Int J Spine Surg 9:25","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3311_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-7861.2010.00086.x","volume":"2","author":"SW Fan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fan SW, Hu ZJ, Fang XQ, Zhao FD, Huang Y, Yu HJ (2010) Comparison of paraspinal muscle injury in one-level lumbar posterior inter-body fusion: Modified minimally invasive and traditional open approaches. Orthop Surg 2(3):194\u2013200","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"3311_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.07.460","volume":"16","author":"M Putzier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Putzier M, Hartwig T, Hoff EK, Streitparth F, Strube P (2016) Minimally invasive tlif leads to increased muscle sparing of the multifidus muscle but not the longissimus muscle compared with conventional plif-a prospective randomized clinical trial. Spine J 16(7):811\u2013819","journal-title":"Spine J"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-022-03311-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-022-03311-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-022-03311-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T13:04:45Z","timestamp":1686920685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-022-03311-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-022-03311-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the hospital.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}