{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:03:17Z","timestamp":1790895797048,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-023-03689-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T14:02:33Z","timestamp":1694613753000},"page":"789-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The polymicrobial infection affects the infection recurrence rate (not failure) in treating femoral and tibial bone defects with the Masquelet technique\u2014a comparative retrospective analysis of 54 patients with mono- and polymicrobial infections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5936-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Garabano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael E.","family":"Amadei Enghelmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonel","family":"Perez Alamino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo M.","family":"Viollaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Angel","family":"Pesciallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3689_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.01.016","volume":"52","author":"BL Norris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Norris BL, Vanderkarr M, Sparks Ch, Chitnis AS, Ray B, Holy CE (2021) Treatments, cost and healthcare utilization of patients with segmental bone defects. Injury 52(10):2935\u20132940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2021.01.016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"11","key":"3689_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.08.031","volume":"52","author":"CA Pesciallo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pesciallo CA, Garabano G, Dainotto T, Ernst G (2021) Masquelet technique in post-traumatic infected femoral and tibial segmental bone defects. Union and reoperation rates with high proportions (up to 64%) of allograft in the second stage. Injury 52(11):3471\u20133477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2021.08.031","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"11","key":"3689_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.000842","volume":"101","author":"A Masquelet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masquelet A, Kanakaris NK, Obert L, Stafford P, Giannoudis PV (2019) Bone repair using the Masquelet technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 101(11):1024\u20131036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.18.000842","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl6","key":"3689_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30840-3","volume":"47","author":"PV Giannoudis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giannoudis PV, Harwood PJ, Tosounidis T, Kanakaris NK (2016) Restoration of long bone defects treated with the induced membrane technique: protocol and outcomes. Injury 47(Suppl6):S53\u2013S61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30840-3","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"3689_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-03935-8","volume":"142","author":"R Rohilla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rohilla R, Sharma PK, Wadhwani J, Das J, Singh R, Beniwal D (2022) Prospective randomized comparison of bone transport versus Masqulet technique in infected gap nonuinion of tibia. Archives of Orthop Trauma Surg 142(8):1923\u20131932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-021-03935-8","journal-title":"Archives of Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3689_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.12.032","volume":"51","author":"M Mi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mi M, Papakostidis C, Wu X, Giannoudis PV (2020) Mixed results with the Masquelet technique: a fact or a myth? Injury 51(2):132\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.12.032","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"3689_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30842-7","volume":"47","author":"I Morelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morelli I, Drago L, George DA, Gallazzi E, Scarponi S, Roman\u00f3 CL (2016) Masquelet technique: myth or reality? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury 47(Suppl 6):S68\u2013S76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30842-7","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"3689_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-020-01540-9","volume":"47","author":"L Mathieu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathieu L, Durand M, Collombet JM, Rousiers A, \u00cdEsxalopierMasquelet NAC (2021) Induced membrane technique: a critical literature analysis and proposal for a failure classification scheme. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 47(5):1373\u20131380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-020-01540-9","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3689_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5893642","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5893642","volume":"2020","author":"CA Hsu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsu CA, Chen SH, Chan SY, Yu YH (2020) The induced membrane technique for the management of segmental tibial defect or nonunion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BioMed Res Inter 2020:5893642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/5893642","journal-title":"BioMed Res Inter"},{"key":"3689_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.000008856.81746.62","volume":"414","author":"G Cierny Cierny","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cierny Cierny G, MaderPenninck JTJJ (2003) A clinical stating system for adult osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 414:7\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.blo.000008856.81746.62","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"3689_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.03.042","volume":"48","author":"K Tong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tong K, Zhong Z, Peng Y, Lin C, Cao S, Yan Y, Wang G (2017) Masquelet technique versus Ilizarov bone transport for reconstruction of lower extremity bone defects following posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Injury 48(7):1616\u20131622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2017.03.042","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3689_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Subramanyam KN, Mundargi AV, Prabhu MV, Gopakumar KU, Gowda DSA, Reddy DR (2023) Surgical management of chronic osteomyelitis: organism, recurrence and treatment outcomes. Cin J Traumatol 31: S1008.1275(23)00003\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjtee.2023.01.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2023.01.003"},{"key":"3689_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.07.022","volume":"52","author":"ALC Muller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muller ALC, Morgenstern M, Kuehl R, Muri T, Kalbermatter DF, Clauss M, Schafer DJ, Sendi P, Osinga R (2021) Soft-tissue reconstruction in lower-leg fracture-related infections: an orthoplastic outcomes and risk factors analysis. Injury 52:3489\u20133497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2021.07.022","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"3689_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.83b3.10727","volume":"83","author":"AHRW Simpson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Simpson AHRW, Deakin M, Latham JM (2001) Chronic osteomyelitis. The effect of the extent of surgical resection on infection-free survival. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83(3):403\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.83b3.10727","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"3689_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang S, Fu J, Sun D, Shen J, Xie Z (2020), Risk factors associated with recurrence of extremity osteomyelitis treated with the induced membrane technique. Injury, 51(2): 307\u2013311, 10.1016.\/j.Injury.2019.11.026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.11.026"},{"issue":"1","key":"3689_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.22566","volume":"3","author":"LJ Souza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Souza LJ, Fucuta PS, Oliveira MGL, Nakazone MA, Matos JA, Chueire AG, Costa Salles MJ (2018) Outcomes and risk factors for polymicrobial posttraumatic osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Infection 3(1):20\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/jbji.22566","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Infection"},{"key":"3689_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.202103.057","volume":"52","author":"SA Horton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Horton SA, Hoyt BW, Zaidi AMR, Schloss MG, Joshi M, Carlini AR, Castillo RC, O\u2019Toole RV (2021) Risk factors for treatment failure of fracture-related infections. Injury 52:1315\u20131355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.202103.057","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3689_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2023.02.033","author":"G Garabano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garabano G, Pereira S, Alamino LP, Munera MA, Ernst G, Bidolegui F, Pesciallo CA (2023) Antibiotic cement-coated rigid locked nail in infected femoral and tibial non-union. Reoperation rates of commercial versus custom-made nails. Injury. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2023.02.033","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"3689_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03287-4","volume":"140","author":"WJ Metsemakers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Metsemakers WJ, Morgenstern M, Senneville E, Borens O, Govaert GAM, Onsea J, Depypere M, Richards RG, Trampuz A, Verhofstad MHJ, Kates SL, Raschke M, McNally MA, Obremskey WT, Fracture-Related Infection (FRI) group (2020) General treatment principles for fracture-related infection: recommendations from an international expert group. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 140(8):1013\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-019-03287-4","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"3689_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040","author":"WJ Metsemakers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metsemakers WJ, Morgenstern M, McNally MA, Moriarty TF, McFayen I, Scarborough M, Athanasou NA, Ochsner PE, Kuehl R, Raschke M, Borens O, Xie Z, Velkes S, Hungerer S, Kates SL, Zalavras C, Giannoudis PV, Richards RG, Verhofstad MHJ (2018) Fracture-related infection: A consensus on definition from an international expert group. Injury. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"7","key":"3689_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.BJJ-2018-0052.R1","volume":"100-B","author":"M Morgenstern","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgenstern M, Athanasou NA, Ferguson JY, Metsemakers WJ, Atkins BL, McNally MA (2018) The value of quantitative histology in the diagnosis of fracture-related infection. Bone Joint J 100-B(7):966\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.BJJ-2018-0052.R1","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3689_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-014-1576-z","volume":"25","author":"ME Hake","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hake ME, Oh JK, Kim JW, Ziran B, Smith W, Hak D, Muffrey C (2015) Difficulties and challenges to diagnoses and treat post-traumatic long bone osteomyelitis. Eur J Orhop Surg Traumatol 25(1):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-014-1576-z","journal-title":"Eur J Orhop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3689_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fan J, Cong F, Ren X, Zhang K, Song T (2022) Flap combined with induced membrane technique in treatment of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis with soft tissue defect. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 36(5):614\u2013618. Chinese. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7507\/1002-1892.202201031","DOI":"10.7507\/1002-1892.202201031"},{"issue":"1","key":"3689_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-019-0528-0","volume":"20","author":"P Andrzejowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrzejowski P, Giannoudis PV (2019) The diamond concept for long bone non-union management. J Orthop Traumatol 20(1):21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10195-019-0528-0","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3689_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.102B12","volume":"102-B","author":"B Fung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fung B, Hoit G, Schemitsch E, Godbout C, Nauth A (2020) The induced membrane technique for the management of long bone defects. J Bone Joint Surg 102-B(12):1723\u20131734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.102B12","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-023-03689-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-023-03689-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-023-03689-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T03:09:55Z","timestamp":1707534595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-023-03689-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-023-03689-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures followed were in accordance with ethical standards of the British Hospital of Buenos Aires and Sirio Libanes Hospital committee on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. (Project number 10341).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}