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This study aims to describe the microbiology and review the antibiogram profiles of bacterial isolates from patients undergoing surgical treatment for non-spinal orthopaedic infections, to identify the most appropriate empiric antibiotic strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review was performed of all cases of non-spinal orthopaedic infections treated surgically from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018. The National Health Laboratory Service microbiology database was used to identify all intra-operative microbiological specimens obtained from orthopaedic patients, and data were correlated with the orthopaedic surgical database. Cases were divided into fracture-related infections, chronic osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infection, and septic arthritis. Antibiotic susceptibility data were used to predict the efficacy of different empiric antibiotic regimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 107 cases were included in the study; 184 organisms were cultured. Overall, the most common organism cultured was<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(25%) followed by<jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>(9%),<jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>(7%) and<jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>(5%). Across all categories the oral antibiotic combination with the highest effectiveness (81%) would have been a combination of co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin. The most effective intravenous antibiotic combination would have been either piperacillin\u2013tazobactam, amikacin and vancomycin or meropenem and vancomycin; 90% of tested isolates were susceptible to either of these combinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibiogram profiles can serve to guide to empiric antibiotic choice in the management of different categories of non-spinal orthopaedic infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-023-03718-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T15:06:28Z","timestamp":1694790388000},"page":"815-821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Developing an antibiogram for empiric antibiotic prescribing for adult non-spinal orthopaedic infections in a developing world setting"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0853-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Arakkal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7289-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chad M.","family":"Centner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6178-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7737-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Nortje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0671-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Held","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5695-2751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5350-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6668-3893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Mendelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5989-8383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maritz","family":"Laubscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040","volume":"49","author":"WJ Metsemakers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metsemakers WJ, Morgenstern M, McNally MA et al (2018) Fracture-related infection: a consensus on definition from an international expert group. 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