{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:40:54Z","timestamp":1769575254829,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-024-03890-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T11:02:42Z","timestamp":1711105362000},"page":"2031-2040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Conservative treatment of 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures: Can poor outcomes be predicted?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6715-8609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Matheron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Domos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3890_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INJURY.2006.04.130","volume":"37","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Caesar B (2006) Epidemiology of adult fractures: a review. Injury 37:691\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.INJURY.2006.04.130","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3890_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e242","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000312","volume":"29","author":"JW Karl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karl JW, Olson PR, Rosenwasser MP (2015) The epidemiology of upper extremity fractures in the United States, 2009. J Orthop Trauma 29:e242\u2013e244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000312","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3890_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSE.2019.03.034","volume":"28","author":"AS McLean","year":"2019","unstructured":"McLean AS, Price N, Graves S et al (2019) Nationwide trends in management of proximal humeral fractures: an analysis of 77,966 cases from 2008 to 2017. J Shoulder Elb Surg 28:2072\u20132078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSE.2019.03.034","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3890_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052060-00001","volume":"52","author":"C Neer","year":"1970","unstructured":"Neer C (1970) Displaced proximal humeral fractures. J Bone Jt Surg Am 52:1077\u20131089","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"3890_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000434.pub3","author":"HHG Handoll","year":"2012","unstructured":"Handoll HHG, Ollivere BJ, Rollins KE (2012) Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000434.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"3890_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/S13018-021-02551-X","volume":"16","author":"S Iglesias-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iglesias-Rodr\u00edguez S, Dom\u00ednguez-Prado DM, Garc\u00eda-Reza A et al (2021) Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures. J Orthop Surg Res 16:402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13018-021-02551-X","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3890_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSEINT.2021.08.006","volume":"6","author":"AH Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel AH, Wilder JH, Ofa SA et al (2022) Trending a decade of proximal humerus fracture management in older adults. JSES Int 6:137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSEINT.2021.08.006","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"3890_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2015.1629","volume":"313","author":"A Rangan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rangan A, Handoll H, Brealey S et al (2015) Surgical vs nonsurgical treatment of adults with displaced fractures of the proximal humerus: the PROFHER randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313:1037\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2015.1629","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3890_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199702000-00006","volume":"79","author":"KJ Koval","year":"1997","unstructured":"Koval KJ, Gallagher MA, Marsicano JG et al (1997) Functional outcome after minimally displaced fractures of the proximal part of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 79:203\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199702000-00006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3890_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215145851775051","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458517750516","volume":"9","author":"A Schumaier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schumaier A, Grawe B (2018) Proximal humerus fractures: evaluation and management in the elderly patient. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 9:2151458517750516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2151458517750516","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"3890_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B4.12488","volume":"84","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2002","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Cattermole H, McQueen MM (2002) Impacted valgus fractures (B1.1) of the proximal humerus. The results of non-operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84:504\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.84B4.12488","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"3890_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.01.034","volume":"13","author":"R Hertel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hertel R, Hempfing A, Stiehler M, Leunig M (2004) Predictors of humeral head ischemia after intracapsular fracture of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elb Surg 13:427\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2004.01.034","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3890_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0B013E31821C0A2F","volume":"25","author":"CM Robinson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robinson CM, Amin AK, Godley KC et al (2011) Modern perspectives of open reduction and plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. J Orthop Trauma 25:618\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0B013E31821C0A2F","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3890_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200309000-00001","volume":"85","author":"CM Robinson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robinson CM, Page RS (2003) Severely impacted valgus proximal humeral fractures. Results of operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85:1647\u20131655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-200309000-00001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3890_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.07.066","volume":"19","author":"M Poeze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poeze M, Lenssen AF, Van Empel JM, Verbruggen JP (2010) Conservative management of proximal humeral fractures: Can poor functional outcome be related to standard transscapular radiographic evaluation? J Shoulder Elb Surg 19:273\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2009.07.066","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3890_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSE.2009.03.024","volume":"18","author":"B Hanson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hanson B, Neidenbach P, de Boer P, Stengel D (2009) Functional outcomes after nonoperative management of fractures of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elb Surg 18:612\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSE.2009.03.024","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3890_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e178","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000136","volume":"28","author":"R Bogner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bogner R, Resch H, Moroder P (2014) Functional and quality-of-life results of displaced and nondisplaced proximal humeral fractures treated conservatively. J Orthop Trauma 28:e178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000136","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3890_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSE.2015.08.006","volume":"25","author":"H Resch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Resch H, Tauber M, Neviaser RJ et al (2016) Classification of proximal humeral fractures based on a pathomorphologic analysis. J Shoulder Elb Surg 25:455\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSE.2015.08.006","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3890_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.829529","volume":"36","author":"N Shields","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van De Water ATM, Shields N, Davidson M et al (2014) Reliability and validity of shoulder function outcome measures in people with a proximal humeral fracture. Disabil Rehabil 36:1072\u20131079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2013.829529","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"3890_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INJURY.2015.05.049","volume":"46","author":"I Tamimi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tamimi I, Montesa G, Collado F et al (2015) Displaced proximal humeral fractures: When is surgery necessary? Injury 46:1921\u20131929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.INJURY.2015.05.049","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3890_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B3.BJJ-2016-1028","volume":"99-B","author":"HH Handoll","year":"2017","unstructured":"Handoll HH, Keding A, Corbacho B et al (2017) Five-year follow-up results of the PROFHER trial comparing operative and non-operative treatment of adults with a displaced fracture of the proximal humerus. Bone Joint J 99-B:383\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.99B3.BJJ-2016-1028","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"3890_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/S00068-001-1091-X\/METRICS","volume":"27","author":"MJTFD Vrancken Peeters","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vrancken Peeters MJTFD, Kastelein GW, Breslau PJ (2001) Proximal humerus fractures: a prospective study of the functional outcome after conservative treatment. Eur J Trauma 27:133\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00068-001-1091-X\/METRICS","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma"},{"key":"3890_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470410004111","volume":"75","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2004","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM (2004) The impacted varus (A2.2) proximal humeral fracture: prediction of outcome and results of nonoperative treatment in 99 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 75:736\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016470410004111","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"3890_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSE.2011.01.020","volume":"20","author":"A Majed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Majed A, Macleod I, Bull AMJ et al (2011) Proximal humeral fracture classification systems revisited. J Shoulder Elb Surg 20:1125\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSE.2011.01.020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3890_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/000164701753542023","volume":"72","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM (2001) The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 72:365\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/000164701753542023","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"3890_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.102B7.BJJ-2020-0045.R1","volume":"102","author":"FA Frank","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frank FA, Niehaus R, Borbas P, Eid K (2020) Risk factors for secondary displacement in conservatively treated proximal humeral fractures. Bone Joint J 102:881\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.102B7.BJJ-2020-0045.R1","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"3890_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-017-0468-5","volume":"18","author":"RN Kruithof","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kruithof RN, Formijne Jonkers HA, van der Ven DJC et al (2017) Functional and quality of life outcome after non-operatively managed proximal humeral fractures. J Orthop Traumatol 18:423\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10195-017-0468-5","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"3890_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B12.20269","volume":"90-B","author":"R Bogner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bogner R, H\u00fcbner C, Matis N et al (2008) Minimally-invasive treatment of three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90-B:1602\u20131607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.90B12.20269","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"3890_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0B013E31819344BF","volume":"23","author":"BD Solberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Solberg BD, Moon CN, Franco DP, Paiement GD (2009) Locked plating of 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in older patients: the effect of initial fracture pattern on outcome. J Orthop Trauma 23:113\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0B013E31819344BF","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03890-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03890-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03890-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T16:05:10Z","timestamp":1715961910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03890-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03890-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare in relation to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for was not needed under the NHS research decision support tool.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"GM","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Guarantor"}},{"value":"Verbal consent was obtained from the patient(s) for their anonymized information to be published in this article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}