{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T22:04:04Z","timestamp":1783029844036,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-024-03895-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T05:01:56Z","timestamp":1711774916000},"page":"1765-1778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant for the treatment of hallux rigidus is associated with a high complication rate and moderate failure rate at short-term follow-up: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"James J.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravneet","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Wingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan P.","family":"Samsonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad T.","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6223-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John G.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3895_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2021.11.024","volume":"61","author":"JJ Butler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Butler JJ, Shimozono Y, Gianakos AL, Kennedy JG (2022) Interpositional arthroplasty in the treatment of hallux rigidus: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Surg 61:657\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2021.11.024","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"3895_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160031","volume":"2","author":"B Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho B, Baumhauer J (2017) Hallux rigidus. EFORT Open Rev 2:13\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160031","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"3895_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007211007843","volume":"42","author":"PY Joo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joo PY, Baumhauer JF, Waldman O et al (2021) Physical function and pain interference levels of hallux rigidus patients before and after synthetic cartilage implant versus arthrodesis surgery. Foot Ankle Int 42:1277\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10711007211007843","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02528-x","volume":"30","author":"L Galois","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galois L, Hemmer J, Ray V, Sirveaux F (2020) Surgical options for hallux rigidus: state of the art and review of the literature. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 30:57\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-019-02528-x","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3895_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i1.6","volume":"5","author":"H Polzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Polzer H, Polzer S, Brumann M et al (2014) Hallux rigidus: Joint preserving alternatives to arthrodesis-a review of the literature. World J Orthop 5:6\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v5.i1.6","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"3895_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716635560","volume":"37","author":"JF Baumhauer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baumhauer JF, Singh D, Glazebrook M et al (2016) Prospective, randomized, multi-centered clinical trial assessing safety and efficacy of a synthetic cartilage implant versus first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in advanced hallux rigidus. Foot Ankle Int 37:457\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100716635560","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720962482","volume":"42","author":"Y Shimozono","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimozono Y, Hurley ET, Kennedy JG (2021) Early failures of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant for the treatment of hallux rigidus. Foot Ankle Int 42:340\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100720962482","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211033601","volume":"49","author":"M Cercone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cercone M, Chevalier J, Kennedy JG et al (2021) Early failure of a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant with osteolysis and foreign body reactions in an ovine model of cartilage repair. Am J Sports Med 49:3395\u20133403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03635465211033601","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"3895_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","volume":"339","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J et al (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ 339:b2700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b2700","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3895_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200301000-00001","volume":"85","author":"JG Wright","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wright JG, Swiontkowski MF, Heckman JD (2003) Introducing levels of evidence to the journal. J Bone Jt Surg Am 85:1\u20133","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"3895_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC et al (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ 355:i4919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i4919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3895_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ et al (2019) RoB2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3895_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717723334","volume":"38","author":"A Goldberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldberg A, Singh D, Glazebrook M et al (2017) Association between patient factors and outcome of synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty versus first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in advanced hallux rigidus. Foot Ankle Int 38:1199\u20131206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100717723334","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2019.09.023","volume":"18","author":"B Brandao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brandao B, Aljawadi A, Poh ZE et al (2020) Comparative study assessing sporting ability after arthrodesis and Cartiva hemiarthroplasty for treatment of hallux rigidus. J Orthop 18:50\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2019.09.023","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"3895_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2020.07.004","volume":"21","author":"B Brandao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brandao B, Hall A, Aljawadi A et al (2020) Joint sparing management of hallux rigidus: Cartiva SCI versus cheilectomy a comparative review. J Orthop 21:401\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2020.07.004","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"3895_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2017.05.002","volume":"24","author":"M Glazebrook","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glazebrook M, Younger ASE, Daniels TR et al (2018) Treatment of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthritis using hemiarthroplasty with a synthetic cartilage implant or arthrodesis: a comparison of operative and recovery time. Foot Ankle Surg 24:440\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fas.2017.05.002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"3895_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720932526","volume":"41","author":"SK Eble","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eble SK, Hansen OB, Chrea B et al (2020) Clinical outcomes of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel implant for hallux rigidus. Foot Ankle Int 41:1056\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100720932526","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100720947380","volume":"41","author":"B Chrea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chrea B, Eble SK, Day J et al (2020) Comparison between polyvinyl alcohol implant and cheilectomy with moberg osteotomy for hallux rigidus. Foot Ankle Int 41:1031\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100720947380","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-022-03469-8","volume":"33","author":"T Hoskins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoskins T, Barr S, Begley B et al (2023) Synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty versus cheilectomy for the treatment of hallux rigidus. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 33:2567\u20132572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-022-03469-8","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3895_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719855049","volume":"40","author":"SJ Cassinelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cassinelli SJ, Chen S, Charlton TP, Thordarson DB (2019) Early outcomes and complications of synthetic cartilage implant for treatment of hallux rigidus in the United States. Foot Ankle Int 40:1140\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100719855049","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247301142093069","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011420930691","volume":"5","author":"WM Engasser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Engasser WM, Coetzee JC, Ebeling PB et al (2020) Patient-reported outcomes and early complications after synthetic cartilage device implantation. Foot Ankle Orthop 5:2473011420930691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2473011420930691","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop"},{"key":"3895_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19386400211001993","author":"W Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee W, Wang C, Prat D et al (2021) Patient satisfaction following hallux rigidus treatment with a synthetic cartilage implant. Foot Ankle Spec. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19386400211001993","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"key":"3895_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19386400221147773","author":"A Chopra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chopra A, Fletcher AN, Madi NS, Parekh SG (2023) Revision surgery after failed index synthetic cartilage implant resurfacing for hallux rigidus: single-surgeon 5-year experience. Foot Ankle Spec. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19386400221147773","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"key":"3895_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716679979","volume":"38","author":"TR Daniels","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daniels TR, Younger ASE, Penner MJ et al (2017) Midterm outcomes of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel hemiarthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in advanced hallux rigidus. Foot Ankle Int 38:243\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100716679979","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719877147","volume":"41","author":"TW An","year":"2020","unstructured":"An TW, Cassinelli S, Charlton TP et al (2020) Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging of the symptomatic synthetic cartilage implant. Foot Ankle Int 41:25\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100719877147","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1365-9655","volume":"160","author":"C Zanzinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zanzinger C, Harrasser N, Gottschalk O et al (2022) One-year follow-up results with hydrogel implant in therapy of hallux rigidus: case series with 44 patients. Z Orthop Unfall 160:414\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1365-9655","journal-title":"Z Orthop Unfall"},{"key":"3895_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718815469","volume":"40","author":"M Glazebrook","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glazebrook M, Blundell CM, O\u2019Dowd D et al (2019) Midterm outcomes of a synthetic cartilage implant for the first metatarsophalangeal joint in advanced hallux rigidus. Foot Ankle Int 40:374\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100718815469","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717735289","volume":"38","author":"JF Baumhauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baumhauer JF, Singh D, Glazebrook M et al (2017) Correlation of hallux rigidus grade with motion, VAS pain, intraoperative cartilage loss, and treatment success for first MTP joint arthrodesis and synthetic cartilage implant. Foot Ankle Int 38:1175\u20131182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100717735289","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"3895_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32694","volume":"100","author":"MI Baker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baker MI, Walsh SP, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD (2012) A review of polyvinyl alcohol and its uses in cartilage and orthopedic applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 100:1451\u20131457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.b.32694","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"3895_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2019.03.023","volume":"59","author":"B Carpenter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carpenter B, Klemeyer L (2020) Motion preservation in hallux rigidus after failure of hydrogel implantation: treatment considerations and a report of 2 cases. J Foot Ankle Surg 59:162\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2019.03.023","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"3895_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247301142093438","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011420934384","volume":"5","author":"J Fogleman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fogleman J, Robles A, Hollyfield J et al (2020) Failed hydrogel synthetic cartilage implant with osteolytic cyst formation in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Foot Ankle Orthop 5:2473011420934384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2473011420934384","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop"},{"key":"3895_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007221112928","volume":"43","author":"GP Guyton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guyton GP (2022) Philosophies of surgical care are embedded in outcome studies: an illustrative reanalysis of the Cartiva MOTION trial. Foot Ankle Int 43:1364\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10711007221112928","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03895-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03895-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03895-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T16:05:54Z","timestamp":1715961954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03895-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-024-03895-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JGK is a consultant for Arteriocyte, In2Bones and Arthrex. JGK receives financial support from the Ohnell Family Foundation, Tatiana Rybak and Mr Winston Fisher.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not sought for the present study because this is a systematic review where we did not obtain access to any patient records.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}