{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T03:41:37Z","timestamp":1771990897253,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Dislocations of the elbow are the second most frequent upper-body injury after shoulder dislocations, comprising 11\u201328% of all elbow injuries. Complex elbow dislocations pose challenging management due to the involvement of critical stabilizing structures. This study aimed to investigate functional and subjective outcomes (MEPS, DASH, Oxford score) in 44 patients with complex elbow dislocations who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2020, with subgroup analysis focusing on gender and age differences.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated at C.T.O. Hospital, Turin, for complex elbow dislocations between January 2018 and December 2020. Surgical approaches included radial head synthesis, coronoid fixation, ligamentous repair, and ulnar nerve management. Postoperatively, patients followed a standardized or individualized program. Data analysis involved t-tests to assess score differences between subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 44 analyzed patients, the mean age was 48\u00a0years, and the mean follow-up time was 29\u00a0months. Various types of complex dislocations were identified, with radial head and coronoid fractures classified accordingly. Surgical approaches included multiple methods of reduction and synthesis. While most patients adhered to postoperative programs, subsequent reoperations were conducted in 11% of cases. Scores did not significantly differ between genders, although a trend toward better DASH scores in males was observed. Younger patients showed better, though not statistically significant, outcomes in mobility and functional measures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study underscores the importance of pre-operative assessment for positive surgical outcomes in complex elbow dislocations. Additionally, findings suggest that younger age may correlate with slightly better functional outcomes. Despite limitations such as retrospective design and sample size, the study enhances our understanding of complex dislocation outcomes and provides valuable insights for future interventions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-024-04103-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T09:02:03Z","timestamp":1726822923000},"page":"4027-4036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional and subjective outcomes after surgical management of complex elbow dislocations: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1170-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Giai Via","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9476-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Faccenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8496-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Artiaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Dutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-183X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro Dario","family":"Lavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3999-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mass\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0144-4020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Battiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-009-0866-0","volume":"130","author":"J De Haan","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Haan J, Schep NWL, Tuinebreijer WE et al (2010) Simple elbow dislocations: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 130(2):241\u2013249","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2015.7.2.241","volume":"7","author":"YM Heo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heo YM, Yi JW, Lee JB et al (2015) Unstable simple elbow dislocation treated with the repair of lateral collateral ligament complex. Clin Orthop Surg 7(2):241\u2013247","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2004.07.002","volume":"20","author":"DM Sheps","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sheps DM, Hildebrand KA, Boorman RS (2004) Simple dislocations of the elbow: evaluation and treatment. Hand Clin 20(4):389\u2013404","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"4103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01663","volume":"94","author":"JW Stoneback","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stoneback JW, Owens BD, Sykes J et al (2012) Incidence of elbow dislocations in the United States population. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:240\u2013245","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4103_CR5","first-page":"199","volume":"60","author":"GS Athwal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Athwal GS, Ramsey ML, Steinmann SP et al (2011) Fractures and dislocations of the elbow: a return to the basics. Instr Course Lect 60:199\u2013214","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"4103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(03)00027-2","volume":"12","author":"MD McKee","year":"2003","unstructured":"McKee MD, Schemitsch EH, Sala MJ, O\u2019Driscoll SW (2003) The pathoanatomy of lateral ligamentous disruption in complex elbow instability. J Shoulder Elb Surg 12:391\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1058-2746(03)00027-2","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"4103_CR7","first-page":"89","volume":"50","author":"SW O'Driscoll","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll SW, Jupiter JB, King GJ et al (2001) The unstable elbow. Instr Course Lect 50:89\u2013102","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"4103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B8.BJJ-2017-0652.R2","volume":"100-B","author":"J-T Hwang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hwang J-T, Shields MN, Berglund LJ et al (2018) The role of the posterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament in posteromedial rotatory instability of the elbow. Bone Jt J 100-B:1060\u20131065","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"key":"4103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173030-00015","volume":"73","author":"SW O'Driscoll","year":"1991","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll SW, Bell DF, Morrey BF (1991) Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Joint Surg 73:440\u2013446","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"4103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196701000-00008","volume":"50","author":"JL Bado","year":"1967","unstructured":"Bado JL (1967) The monteggia lesion. Clin Orthop Relat Res 50:71\u201386","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199812000-00003","volume":"80","author":"D Ring","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ring D, Jupiter JB, Simpson NS (1998) Monteggia fractures in adults. J Bone Joint Surg 80:1733\u20131744","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"4103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-016-9337-8","volume":"9","author":"K Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan K, King GJW, Faber KJ (2016) Treatment of complex elbow fracture-dislocations. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 9:185\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-016-9337-8","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.032","volume":"48","author":"P Tarassoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tarassoli P, McCann P, Amirfeyz R (2017) Complex instability of the elbow. Injury 48(3):568\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.032","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"4103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.024","volume":"45","author":"P Maniscalco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maniscalco P, Pizzoli AL, RenziBrivio L, Caforio M (2014) Hinged external fixation for complex fracture-dislocation of the elbow in elderly people. Injury 45(Suppl 6):S53\u2013S57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.024","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"4103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199606)29:6<602::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"29","author":"PL Hudak","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hudak PL, Amadio PC, Bombardier C (1996) Development of an upper extremity out- come measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) [corrected]. The upper extremity collaborative group (UECG). Am J Ind Med 29:602\u20138","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"4103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B4.20290","volume":"90","author":"DollH DawsonJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"DawsonJ DollH, BoilerI RtzpatrickR, LittleC ReesJ, JenkinsonC CarrAJ (2008) The development and validation of a patient-reported questionnaire to assess outcomes of elbow surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90:466\u2013473","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4103_CR17","first-page":"86","volume-title":"The elbow and its disorders","author":"BF Morrey","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morrey BF, An K, Chao E (1993) Functional evaluation of the elbow. In: Morrey B (ed) The elbow and its disorders. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 86\u201397"},{"issue":"11","key":"4103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20011101-20","volume":"24","author":"OA Ilahi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ilahi OA, Bennett JB, Gabel GT, Mehlhoff TL, Kohl HW 3rd (2001) Classification of heterotopic ossification about the elbow. Orthopedics. 24(11):1075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/0147-7447-20011101-20","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"issue":"3001","key":"4103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3001.6.PMID:20769096;PMCID:PMC2341581","volume":"2","author":"WM Macdonald","year":"1918","unstructured":"Macdonald WM (1918) Tinel\u2019s sign in peripheral nerve lesions. Br Med J 2(3001):6\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.3001.6.PMID:20769096;PMCID:PMC2341581","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4103_CR20","first-page":"193","volume":"33","author":"J Froment","year":"1972","unstructured":"Froment J (1972) Prehension and the sign of the thumb in paralysis of the ulnar nerve. Bull Hosp Joint Dis 33(2):193\u2013196","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Joint Dis"},{"key":"4103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kilgus M, Burg D, Loss M, Weishaupt D, Meyer VE. Das Wartenberg-Zeichen des Nervus ulnaris. Ein Beitrag zur Pathophysiologie und Differenzialdiagnose1 [Wartenberg\u2019s Sign of Ulnar Nerve Lesion. A Contribution to Pathophysiology and to the Differential Diagnosis]. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. ;35(4):251\u20138. German. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2003-42134.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42134"},{"issue":"B3","key":"4103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.32B3.293","volume":"32","author":"AJ McGowan","year":"1950","unstructured":"McGowan AJ (1950) The results of transposition of the ulnar nerve for traumatic ulnar neuritis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 32(B3):293\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.32B3.293","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"4103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2021.09.003","volume":"41","author":"I Anker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anker I, Zimmerman M, Nyman E, Dahlin LB (2022) Ulnar nerve dislocation in ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. Influence on surgical outcome. Hand Surg Rehabil 41(1):96\u2013102","journal-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"4103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.167770.PMID:26692871;PMCID:PMC4660767","volume":"10","author":"W Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang W, Zhang PX, Peng Z, Xue F, Wang TB, Jiang BG (2015) Anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve improves neurological function in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome. Neural Regen Res 10(10):1690\u20131695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.167770.PMID:26692871;PMCID:PMC4660767","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"4103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00793","volume":"90","author":"AL Lindenhovius","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lindenhovius AL, Buijze GA, Kioen P, Ring DC (2008) Correspondence between perceived disability and objective physical impairment after elbow trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90:2090\u20132097","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4103_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-020-02855-4","volume":"31","author":"EP Wahl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wahl EP, Casey PM, Risoli T et al (2021) Heterotopic ossification formation after fractures about the elbow. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 31:1061\u20131067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-020-02855-4","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4103_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.11.037","volume":"24","author":"DR Shukla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shukla DR, Pillai G, McAnany S, Hausman M, Parsons BO (2015) Heterotopic ossification formation after fracture-dislocations of the elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 24(3):333\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2014.11.037","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4103_CR28","first-page":"245","volume":"25","author":"SC Yang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yang SC, Chen AC, Chao EK, Yuan LJ, Lee MS, Ueng SW (2002) Early surgical management for heterotopic ossification about the elbow presenting as limited range of motion associated with ulnar neuropathy. Chang Gung Med J 25(4):245\u2013252","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"4103_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.04.007","volume":"21","author":"BG Williams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams BG, Sotereanos DG, Baratz ME, Jarrett CD, Venouziou AI, Miller MC (2012) The contracted elbow: is ulnar nerve release necessary? J Shoulder Elbow Surg 21(12):1632\u20131636","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4103_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-020-01512-z","volume":"48","author":"N M\u00fchlenfeld","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00fchlenfeld N, Frank J, Lustenberger T, Marzi I, Sander AL (2022) Epidemiology and treatment of acute elbow dislocations: current concept based on primary surgical ligament repair of unstable simple elbow dislocations. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 48(1):629\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-020-01512-z","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-024-04103-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-024-04103-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-024-04103-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T16:08:29Z","timestamp":1730131709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-024-04103-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-024-04103-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}