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This work aimed to compare the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of OAI caused by\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      CoNS to aid in clinical management and infection control strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-centre retrospective study was performed at the Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra for the period of January 2011 to December 2021. A total of 458 cases of OAI were gathered. Data was retrieved from medical records and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounted for 60.7% of infections, followed by\n                      <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (29.9%)\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Independent risk factors for\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections included being male (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u20090.47) and a history of osteomyelitis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u20090.18). In contrast, CoNS infections were associated with older age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018), carrying a prosthetic device (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u20092.92), and a prior periprosthetic infection (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023; OR\u2009=\u20091.86). Both groups exhibited significant antimicrobial resistance, with CoNS showing greater resistance to gentamicin, linezolid, teicoplanin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was more commonly resistant to clindamycin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings show the distinct characteristics of OAI caused by\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and CoNS, highlighting the need for targeted risk factor management and tailored empiric antibiotic therapy to reduce incidence and improve outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-025-04184-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T03:47:15Z","timestamp":1738986435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical and epidemiological differences in staphylococcal osteoarticular infections: insights for developing hospital-based infection control interventions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Lindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4184_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.09.007","volume":"21","author":"O Murillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murillo O, Grau I, Lora-Tamayo J et al (2015) The changing epidemiology of bacteraemic osteoarticular infections in the early 21st century. 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