{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T13:49:32Z","timestamp":1767016172127,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-025-04277-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T14:24:31Z","timestamp":1744554271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nonoperative versus operative management of pediatric type 1 open fractures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Schauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Lis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Lutnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Harte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Nadir","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Doak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4277_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","volume":"58","author":"RB Gustilo","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gustilo RB, Anderson JT (1976) Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am 58(4):453\u2013458","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"4277_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072020-00023","volume":"72","author":"RB Gustilo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gustilo RB, Merkow RL, Templeman D (1990) The management of open fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 72(2):299\u2013304","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4277_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318259f326","volume":"32","author":"JL Pace","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pace JL, Kocher MS, Skaggs DL (2012) Evidence-based review: management of open pediatric fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 32(Suppl 2):S123\u2013S127","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"12","key":"4277_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200512000-00027","volume":"87","author":"DG Stewart Jr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stewart DG Jr, Kay RM, Skaggs DL (2005) Open fractures in children. Principles of evaluation and management. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87(12):2784\u20132798","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4277_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200501000-00003","volume":"87","author":"DL Skaggs","year":"2005","unstructured":"Skaggs DL, Friend L, Alman B, Chambers HG, Schmitz M, Leake B et al (2005) The effect of surgical delay on acute infection following 554 open fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87(1):8\u201312","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4277_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200001000-00005","volume":"20","author":"DL Skaggs","year":"2000","unstructured":"Skaggs DL, Kautz SM, Kay RM, Tolo VT (2000) Effect of delay of surgical treatment on rate of infection in open fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop 20(1):19\u201322","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"4277_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000158779.45226.74","volume":"25","author":"CA Iobst","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iobst CA, Tidwell MA, King WF (2005) Nonoperative management of pediatric type I open fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 25(4):513\u2013517","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4277_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0554-7","volume":"8","author":"CA Iobst","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iobst CA, Spurdle C, Baitner AC, King WF, Tidwell M, Swirsky S (2014) A protocol for the management of pediatric type I open fractures. J Child Orthop 8(1):71\u201376","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"4277_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000063795.32430.4c","volume":"410","author":"EC Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang EC, Eisler J (2003) Treatment of isolated type I open fractures: is emergent operative debridement necessary? Clin Orthop Relat Res 410:289\u2013294","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4277_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000972","volume":"39","author":"J Godfrey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Godfrey J, Choi PD, Shabtai L, Nossov SB, Williams A, Lindberg AW et al (2019) Management of pediatric type i open fractures in the emergency department or operating room: a multicenter perspective. J Pediatr Orthop 39(7):372\u2013376","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"4277_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0616-x","volume":"8","author":"AA Bazzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bazzi AA, Brooks JT, Jain A, Ain MC, Tis JE, Sponseller PD (2014) Is nonoperative treatment of pediatric type I open fractures safe and effective? J Child Orthop 8(6):467\u2013471","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"4277_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000158779.45226.74","volume":"25","author":"CA Iobst","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iobst CA, Tidwell MA, King WF (2005) Nonoperative management of pediatric type I open fractures. J Pediatric Orthopaed 25(4):513\u2013517","journal-title":"J Pediatric Orthopaed"},{"issue":"2","key":"4277_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.005","volume":"54","author":"AM Padgett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Padgett AM, Torrez TW, Kothari EA, Conklin MJ, Williams KA, Gilbert SR, Ashley P (2023) Comparison of nonoperative versus operative management in pediatric gustilo-anderson type I open tibia fractures. Injury 54(2):552\u2013556","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"4277_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1302\/1863-2548.11.170027","volume":"11","author":"H Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang H, Fanelli M, Adams C, Graham J, Seeley M (2017) The emerging trend of non-operative treatment in paediatric type I open forearm fractures. J Child Orthop 11(4):306\u2013309","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"4277_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/BCO.0000000000000558","volume":"28","author":"DA Goss","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goss DA, Mundy A, Beebe AC, Klingele KE, Balch Samora J, Samora WP (2017) Operative versus nonoperative management of pediatric type 1 open forearm fractures: a retrospective review. Curr Orthop Pract 28(6):549\u2013552","journal-title":"Curr Orthop Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"4277_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181901c66","volume":"29","author":"J Doak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doak J, Ferrick M (2009) Nonoperative management of pediatric grade 1 open fractures with less than a 24-hour admission. J Pediatr Orthop 29(1):49\u201351","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"4277_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2016.02.003","volume":"47","author":"A Trionfo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trionfo A, Cavanaugh PK, Herman MJ (2016) Pediatric open fractures. Orthop Clin North Am 47(3):565\u2013578","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"4277_CR18","first-page":"1320","volume-title":"Management of fractures. Lovell and Winter's pediatric orthopaedics","author":"CTPJ Price","year":"2001","unstructured":"Price CTPJ, Devito DP (2001) Management of fractures. Lovell and Winter\u2019s pediatric orthopaedics, 15th edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 1320\u20131422","edition":"15"},{"key":"4277_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199610000-00037","volume":"331","author":"RD Blasier","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blasier RD, Barnes CL (1996) Age as a prognostic factor in open tibial fractures in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 331:261\u2013264","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4277_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01167.x","volume":"14","author":"I Murat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murat I, Constant I, Maud\u2019huy H (2004) Perioperative anaesthetic morbidity in children: a database of 24,165 anaesthetics over a 30-month period. Paediatr Anaesth 14(2):158\u2013166","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"4277_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00767.x","volume":"11","author":"CL Tay","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tay CL, Tan GM, Ng SB (2001) Critical incidents in paediatric anaesthesia: an audit of 10 000 anaesthetics in Singapore. Paediatr Anaesth 11(6):711\u2013718","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"4277_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.03.055","volume":"51","author":"A Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh A, Bierrum W, Wormald J, Eastwood DM (2020) Non-operative versus operative management of open fractures in the paediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the adverse outcomes. Injury 51(7):1477\u20131488","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"6","key":"4277_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.02.007","volume":"45","author":"G Elia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elia G, Blood T, Got C (2020) The management of pediatric open forearm fractures. J Hand Surg Am 45(6):523\u2013527","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4277_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31673-4","volume":"22","author":"J Wilkins","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wilkins J, Patzakis M (1991) Choice and duration of antibiotics in open fractures. Orthop Clin North Am 22(3):433\u2013437","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4277_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e3282f104c4","volume":"17","author":"WF Lavelle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lavelle WF, Uhl R, Krieves M, Drvaric DM (2008) Management of open fractures in pediatric patients: current teaching in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited residency programs. J Pediatr Orthop B 17(1):1\u20136","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04277-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04277-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04277-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T13:44:34Z","timestamp":1767015874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04277-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04277-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1068"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"158"}}