{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T23:07:28Z","timestamp":1767049648996,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-025-04420-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:22:35Z","timestamp":1752139355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short term outcomes of civilian ballistic distal humeral fractures compared with blunt open and closed distal humeral fractures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Logan A.","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Mihas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Patch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Addison","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clay A.","family":"Spitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4420_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E27","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0b013e31821915ae","volume":"72","author":"W Min","year":"2012","unstructured":"Min W, Ding BC, Tejwani NC (2012) Comparative functional outcome of AO\/OTA type C distal humerus fractures: open injuries do worse than closed fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 72(2):E27-32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ta.0b013e31821915ae","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4420_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01311","volume":"89","author":"J Sanchez-Sotelo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sanchez-Sotelo J, Torchia ME, O\u2019Driscoll SW (2007) Complex distal humeral fractures: internal fixation with a principle-based parallel-plate technique. J Bone Jt Surg Am 89(5):961\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.E.01311","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4420_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573219895972","volume":"14","author":"JS Somerson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Somerson JS, Morrey ME, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Morrey BF (2022) Predictors of reoperation after internal fixation of intra-articular distal humerus fractures. Shoulder Elbow 14(1):76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1758573219895972","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"issue":"7","key":"4420_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00369","volume":"89","author":"JN Doornberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doornberg JN, van Duijn PJ, Linzel D et al (2007) Surgical treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal part of the humerus. Functional outcome after twelve to thirty years. J Bone Jt Surg Am 89(7):1524\u20131532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.F.00369","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4420_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199611000-00027","volume":"332","author":"K Kundel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kundel K, Braun W, Wieberneit J, Ruter A (1996) Intraarticular distal humerus fractures. Factors affecting functional outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res 332:200\u2013208","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4420_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.101477","volume":"20","author":"ME Morrey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morrey ME, Morrey BF, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Barlow JD, O\u2019Driscoll S (2021) A review of the surgical management of distal humerus fractures and nonunions: from fixation to arthroplasty. J Clin Orthop Trauma 20:101477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.101477","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"4420_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.02.017","volume":"30","author":"TR Yetter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yetter TR, Weatherby PJ, Somerson JS (2021) Complications of articular distal humeral fracture fixation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 30(8):1957\u20131967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2021.02.017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4420_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04817-1","volume":"22","author":"C Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen C, Xiao D, Li T et al (2021) Comparative study of functional outcomes between OTA\/AO type C, Gustilo type I\/II open fractures and closed fractures of the distal humerus treated by open reduction and internal fixation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 22(1):939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04817-1","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"4420_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.11.006","volume":"17","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chaudhary S, Patil N, Bagaria V, Harshavardhan NS, Hussain N (2008) Open intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus: management using a mini-external fixator construct. J Shoulder Elbow Surg May-Jun 17(3):465\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2007.11.006","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg May-Jun"},{"issue":"12","key":"4420_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00188","volume":"4","author":"P Tornetta 3rd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tornetta P 3rd, Della Rocca GJ, Morshed S et al (2020) Risk factors associated with infection in open fractures of the upper and lower extremities. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 4(12):e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00188","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"4420_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.9.694","volume":"168","author":"M Komurcu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Komurcu M, Yanmis I, Atesalp AS, Gur E (2003) Treatment results for open comminuted distal humerus intra-articuler fractures with Ilizarov circular external fixator. Mil Med 168(9):694\u2013697","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"4420_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-196107000-00004","volume":"1","author":"OP Hampton Jr","year":"1961","unstructured":"Hampton OP Jr (1961) The indications for debridement of gun shot (bullet) wounds of the extremities in civilian practice. J Trauma 1:368\u2013372","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4420_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153010-00005","volume":"53","author":"WS Howland Jr","year":"1971","unstructured":"Howland WS Jr, Ritchey SJ (1971) Gunshot fractures in civilian practice. An evaluation of the results of limited surgical treatment. J Bone Jt Surg Am 53(1):47\u201355","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"4420_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000823","volume":"31","author":"MP Nguyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen MP, Reich MS, O\u2019Donnell JA et al (2017) Infection and complications after low-velocity intra-articular gunshot injuries. J Orthop Trauma 31(6):330\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000823","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"4420_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2450-8","volume":"136","author":"GS Marecek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marecek GS, Earhart JS, Gardner MJ, Davis J, Merk BR (2016) Surgeon preferences regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for ballistic fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 136(6):751\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-016-2450-8","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4420_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198903010-00002","volume":"3","author":"RL Dickey","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dickey RL, Barnes BC, Kearns RJ, Tullos HS (1989) Efficacy of antibiotics in low-velocity gunshot fractures. J Orthop Trauma 3(1):6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-198903010-00002","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"4420_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002317","volume":"36","author":"DA Patch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patch DA, Levitt EB, Andrews NA et al (2022) Civilian ballistic femoral shaft fractures compared with blunt femur shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma 36(7):355\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002317","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"4420_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001911","volume":"35","author":"JC Prather","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prather JC, Montgomery T, Cone B et al (2021) Civilian ballistic tibia shaft fractures compared with blunt tibia shaft fractures: Open or closed? J Orthop Trauma 35(3):143\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001911","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"4420_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.11.002","volume":"105","author":"EWM Engelmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engelmann EWM, Roche S, Maqungo S, Naude D, Held M (2019) Treating fractures in upper limb gunshot injuries: The Cape Town experience. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 105(3):517\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.11.002","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4420_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200004000-00003","volume":"82","author":"A Sarmiento","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarmiento A, Zagorski JB, Zych GA, Latta LL, Capps CA (2000) Functional bracing for the treatment of fractures of the humeral diaphysis. J Bone Jt Surg Am 82(4):478\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-200004000-00003","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"4420_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944716675294","volume":"12","author":"WC Pannell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pannell WC, Heckmann N, Alluri RK, Sivasundaram L, Stevanovic M, Ghiassi A (2017) Predictors of nerve injury after gunshot wounds to the upper extremity. Hand (N Y) 12(5):501\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1558944716675294","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"12","key":"4420_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.10.009","volume":"49","author":"SK Mehta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehta SK, Dale WW, Dedwylder MD, Bergin PF, Spitler CA (2018) Rates of neurovascular injury, compartment syndrome, and early infection in operatively treated civilian ballistic forearm fractures. Injury 49(12):2244\u20132247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2018.10.009","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"4420_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/10\/0776","volume":"107","author":"HI Secer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Secer HI, Daneyemez M, Gonul E, Izci Y (2007) Surgical repair of ulnar nerve lesions caused by gunshot and shrapnel: results in 407 lesions. J Neurosurg 107(4):776\u2013783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/JNS-07\/10\/0776","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4420_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002767","volume":"87","author":"BJ MacKay","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacKay BJ, Cox CT, Valerio IL et al (2021) Evidence-based approach to timing of nerve surgery: a review. Ann Plast Surg 87(3):e1\u2013e21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002767","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"4420_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456080-00010","volume":"56","author":"GE Omer Jr","year":"1974","unstructured":"Omer GE Jr (1974) Injuries to nerves of the upper extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56(8):1615\u20131624","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"4420_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002066","volume":"35","author":"N Dehghan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dehghan N, Nauth A, Hall J et al (2021) In situ placement versus anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve for distal humerus fractures treated with plate fixation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Trauma 35(9):465\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002066","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"4420_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181e3e273","volume":"24","author":"O Vazquez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vazquez O, Rutgers M, Ring DC, Walsh M, Egol KA (2010) Fate of the ulnar nerve after operative fixation of distal humerus fractures. J Orthop Trauma 24(7):395\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181e3e273","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4420_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.09.010","volume":"34","author":"JW Shearin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shearin JW, Chapman TR, Miller A, Ilyas AM (2018) Ulnar nerve management with distal humerus fracture fixation: a meta-analysis. Hand Clin 34(1):97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.09.010","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"4420_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199003000-00007","volume":"4","author":"WB Geissler","year":"1990","unstructured":"Geissler WB, Teasedall RD, Tomasin JD, Hughes JL (1990) Management of low velocity gunshot-induced fractures. J Orthop Trauma 4(1):39\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-199003000-00007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04420-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04420-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04420-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T23:02:58Z","timestamp":1767049378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04420-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04420-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1068"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"297"}}