{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T11:08:48Z","timestamp":1764673728336,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-025-04613-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T10:09:55Z","timestamp":1764670195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors for reoperation following operative fixation of patella fractures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Doriann","family":"Alcaide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Litten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Blackwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Patch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swapnil","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clay","family":"Spitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4613_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00591","volume":"29","author":"DI Hargett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hargett DI, Sanderson BR, Little MT (2021) Patella fractures: approach to treatment. JAAOS-J Am Acad Orthop Surge 29(6):244\u2013253","journal-title":"JAAOS-J Am Acad Orthop Surge"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02612-1","volume":"16","author":"C-H Lo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lo C-H, Chen C-H (2021) Comparison of minimally invasive percutaneous fixation and open reduction internal fixation for patella fractures: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 16(1):506","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4613_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31825168b6","volume":"73","author":"CJ Dy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dy CJ et al (2012) Meta-analysis of re-operation, nonunion, and infection after open reduction and internal fixation of patella fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 73(4):928\u2013932","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4613_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02592-x","volume":"50","author":"JD Vesterager","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vesterager JD et al (2024) Complications following surgical treatment of patella fractures-a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 50(5):1985\u20131994","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06998-3","volume":"24","author":"MV Neumann-Langen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neumann-Langen MV et al (2023) Incidence of postoperative complications in patellar fractures related to different methods of osteosynthesis procedures - a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 24(1):871","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"4613_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02633-5","volume":"50","author":"S Bickel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bickel S et al (2024) Clinical and functional outcomes of locked plating vs. cerclage compression wiring for AO type C patellar fractures\u2013 a retrospective single-center cohort study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 50(6):2975\u20132985","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4613_CR7","first-page":"22","volume":"7","author":"JX Checketts","year":"2022","unstructured":"Checketts JX et al (2022) Reoperation and complication rates following patellar fracture repair with plates: a retrospective analysis with patient-reported outcomes at more than 1 year of follow-up. JB JS Open Access 7(2):22","journal-title":"JB JS Open Access"},{"key":"4613_CR8","first-page":"63","volume":"34","author":"K Egol","year":"2014","unstructured":"Egol K et al (2014) Patella fracture fixation with suture and wire: you reap what you sew. Iowa Orthop J 34:63","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4613_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199707000-00009","volume":"11","author":"JE Carpenter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carpenter JE et al (1997) Biomechanical evaluation of current patella fracture fixation techniques. J Orthop Trauma 11(5):351\u2013356","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"4613_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215145931982714","DOI":"10.1177\/2151459319827143","volume":"10","author":"GK-H Shea","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shea GK-H et al (2019) Comparing 3 different techniques of patella fracture fixation and their complications. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 10:2151459319827143","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05335-1","volume":"19","author":"H Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi H et al (2024) Risk factors for surgical site infection after patellar fracture surgery in the elderly. J Orthop Surg Res 19(1):830","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"4613_CR12","first-page":"62","volume":"23","author":"U Tarantino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tarantino U et al (2011) Bone healing and osteoporosis. Aging Clin Exp Res 23(2 Suppl):62\u201364","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"4613_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.210058","volume":"6","author":"MA Smolle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smolle MA et al (2021) Fracture, nonunion and postoperative infection risk in the smoking orthopaedic patient: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EFORT Open Rev 6(11):1006\u20131019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR14","first-page":"223","volume":"45","author":"BT Seibold","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seibold BT et al (2025) Predicting complications following patella fracture repair using the 5-item modified frailty index. Iowa Orthop J 45(1):223\u2013229","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"929","key":"4613_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.929.133","volume":"79","author":"C Christodoulou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Christodoulou C, Cooper C (2003) What is osteoporosis? Postgrad Med J 79(929):133\u2013138","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"9773","key":"4613_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62349-5","volume":"377","author":"TD Rachner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rachner TD, Khosla S, Hofbauer LC (2011) Osteoporosis: now and the future. Lancet 377(9773):1276\u20131287","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"4613_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198704000-00005","volume":"27","author":"CR Boyd","year":"1987","unstructured":"Boyd CR, Tolson MA, Copes WS (1987) Evaluating trauma care: the TRISS method. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 27(4):370\u2013378","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4613_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040","volume":"49","author":"W-J Metsemakers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metsemakers W-J et al (2018) Fracture-related infection: a consensus on definition from an international expert group. Injury 49(3):505\u2013510","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"9","key":"4613_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000003025","volume":"39","author":"MK Shaath","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shaath MK et al (2025) Excellent results with low reoperation rates after fixation of patella fractures with a new anatomically contoured plating system. J Orthop Trauma 39(9):524\u2013529","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"4613_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02445-7","volume":"50","author":"P Larsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Larsen P et al (2024) High risk of complications following surgical treatment of patella fractures - a cross-sectional study of 798 patients with mean 6.4\u00a0years follow-up. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 50(3):1127\u20131134","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4613_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2451-6924","volume":"38","author":"W Hoskins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hoskins W et al (2025) A retrospective review of revision and re-revision patella osteosynthesis performed for failure of fixation of initial comminuted fracture patterns: very high complication rates. J Knee Surg 38(4):188\u2013194","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4613_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182405296","volume":"72","author":"MA Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miller MA et al (2012) Factors predicting failure of patella fixation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 72(4):1051\u20131055","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4613_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.03.062","volume":"53","author":"A Boeckxstaens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boeckxstaens A et al (2022) Fracture-related infection of the patella: treatment options and outcome. Injury 53(6):1880\u20131886","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"4613_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2852-2","volume":"138","author":"A Greenberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Greenberg A et al (2018) Functional outcomes after removal of hardware in patellar fracture: are we helping our patients? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 138(3):325\u2013330","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"4613_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1353990","volume":"26","author":"J Petrie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petrie J, Sassoon A, Langford J (2013) Complications of patellar fracture repair: treatment and results. J Knee Surg 26(05):309\u2013312","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"4613_CR26","volume":"12","author":"B Callahan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Callahan B, Baumann P (2020) Managing complications of patellar fracture hardware removal. Cureus 12(12):e12364","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"4613_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.08.019","volume":"35","author":"K Str\u00f8ms\u00f8e","year":"2004","unstructured":"Str\u00f8ms\u00f8e K (2004) Fracture fixation problems in osteoporosis. Injury 35(2):107\u2013113","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4613_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)47002-6","volume":"47","author":"C von R\u00fcden","year":"2016","unstructured":"von R\u00fcden C, Augat P (2016) Failure of fracture fixation in osteoporotic bone. Injury 47(Suppl 2):S3-s10","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"4613_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-024-01316-y","volume":"59","author":"J Mukhopadhaya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mukhopadhaya J, Bhadani JS (2025) Fixation failure in osteoporotic bone: a review of complications and outcomes. Indian J Orthop 59(3):389\u2013404","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"4613_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2023.04.005","volume":"5","author":"KR Tua\u00f1o","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tua\u00f1o KR et al (2023) Analysis of postoperative distal radius fracture outcomes in the setting of osteopenia and osteoporosis for patients with comorbid conditions. J Hand Surg Global Online 5(5):601\u2013605","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Global Online"},{"key":"4613_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10101905","author":"A Ruffilli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruffilli A et al (2022) Osteopenia and sarcopenia as potential risk factors for surgical site infection after posterior lumbar fusion: a retrospective study. Microorganisms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10101905","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-017-0612-1","volume":"12","author":"Q Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai Q et al (2017) Risk factors for acute surgical site infections after lumbar surgery: a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 12(1):116","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"4613_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682241250031","volume":"14","author":"EA Lechtholz-Zey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lechtholz-Zey EA et al (2024) The effect of osteoporosis on complications and reoperation rates after surgical management of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: a systematic review and meta analysis. Glob Spine J 14(8):2420\u20132439","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4613_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i3.331","volume":"6","author":"DK Wukich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wukich DK (2015) Diabetes and its negative impact on outcomes in orthopaedic surgery. World J Orthop 6(3):331","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-014-0658-4","volume":"20","author":"A Kadar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kadar A et al (2015) Predictors for nonunion, reoperation and infection after surgical fixation of patellar fracture. J Orthop Sci 20(1):168\u2013173","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4613_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.86.BJR-2018-0344.R1","volume":"8","author":"J Hernigou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hernigou J, Schuind F (2019) Tobacco and bone fractures: a review of the facts and issues that every orthopaedic surgeon should know. Bone Joint Res 8(6):255\u2013265","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4613_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-015-0286-8","volume":"13","author":"H Jiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiao H, Xiao E, Graves DT (2015) Diabetes and its effect on bone and fracture healing. Curr Osteoporos Rep 13(5):327\u2013335","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4613_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200803000-00007","volume":"16","author":"SB Chaudhary","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chaudhary SB et al (2008) Complications of ankle fracture in patients with diabetes. JAAOS-J Am Acad Orthop Surg 16(3):159\u2013170","journal-title":"JAAOS-J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"4613_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-015-1691-5","volume":"25","author":"C Simpson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simpson C et al (2015) The effects of diabetes medications on post-operative long bone fracture healing. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 25(8):1239\u20131243","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4613_CR40","first-page":"10","volume":"3","author":"A Sadighi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadighi A et al (2015) Effect of diabetes mellitus type II on long bones fractures healing. Adv Biosci Clin Med 3(3):10","journal-title":"Adv Biosci Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4613_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640014537301","volume":"7","author":"A Soni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soni A et al (2014) Association between smoking and wound infection rates following calcaneal fracture fixation. Foot Ankle Spec 7(4):266\u2013270","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"key":"4613_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001711011277","volume":"11","author":"AM Khan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan AM, Tang QO, Spicer D (2017) The epidemiology of adult distal femoral shaft fractures in a central London major trauma centre over five years. Open Orthop J 11:1277\u20131291","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"4613_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)80034-0","volume":"31","author":"O Martinet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Martinet O et al (2000) The epidemiology of fractures of the distal femur. Injury 31:62\u201394","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050916","volume":"21","author":"S Khosla","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khosla S et al (2006) Effects of sex and age on bone microstructure at the ultradistal radius: a population-based noninvasive in vivo assessment. J Bone Miner Res 21(1):124\u2013131","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"4613_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvae153","volume":"8","author":"LI Plotkin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Plotkin LI, Bruzzaniti A, Pianeta R (2024) Sexual dimorphism in the musculoskeletal system: sex hormones and beyond. J Endocr Soc 8(10):bvae153","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"4613_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051302","volume":"9","author":"F Kinder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kinder F et al (2020) The effect of an abnormal BMI on orthopaedic trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 9(5):1302","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2013.11.003","volume":"100","author":"S Parratte","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parratte S, Pesenti S, Argenson J-N (2014) Obesity in orthopedics and trauma surgery. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 100(1):S91\u2013S97","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4613_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05498-0","volume":"23","author":"K Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song K et al (2022) The radiographic soft tissue thickness is associated with wound complications after open reduction and internal fixation of patella fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 23(1):539","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"4613_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640016685146","volume":"10","author":"AP Matson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matson AP et al (2017) Obese patients have fewer wound complications following fixation of ankle fractures. Foot Ankle Spec 10(5):435\u2013440","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"issue":"7","key":"4613_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.02.046","volume":"33","author":"S Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu S et al (2018) Periarticular soft tissue envelope size and postoperative wound complications following total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 33(7):S249\u2013S252","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04613-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04613-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04613-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T11:03:48Z","timestamp":1764673428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04613-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-025-04613-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1068"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. No funding was received for this study. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"34"}}