{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:46:38Z","timestamp":1774874798910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-026-04730-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:35:10Z","timestamp":1774870510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric and adolescent ballistic femur fractures: treatment, outcomes, and costs from a level-one trauma center"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Zachary","family":"Jodoin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coltin","family":"Gerhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Dripchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daanish","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4730_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2225339","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.25339","volume":"5","author":"PA Pe\u00f1a","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a PA, Jena A (2022) Child deaths by gun violence in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 5:e2225339","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"4730_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2307\/1602740","volume":"12","author":"PJ Cook","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cook PJ, Ludwig J (2002) The costs of gun violence against children. Future Child 12:86\u201399","journal-title":"Future Child"},{"key":"4730_CR3","unstructured":"CDC (20204) Fast facts: firearm injury and death [Firearm Injury and Death Prevention]. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/firearm-violence\/data-research\/facts-stats\/index.html. Accessed 23 July 2024"},{"key":"4730_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-060071","author":"LK Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee LK, Fleegler EW, Goyal MK et al (2022) Firearm-related injuries and deaths in children and youth. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2022-060071","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4730_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jposna.2024.100117","author":"DA Maez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maez DA, Flesner SL, Martz AM et al (2024) The orthopaedic burden of gun-shot injury in children: a single-institution analysis. J Pediatr Orthop Soc N Am. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jposna.2024.100117","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop Soc N Am"},{"key":"4730_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-025-04296-3","volume":"35","author":"O Ate\u015f","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ate\u015f O, Alt\u0131nta\u015f M (2025) Comparison of outcomes and mortality rates in lower-extremity fractures due to gunshot wounds among pediatric patients. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 35:171","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"4730_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-683","volume":"5","author":"A Villegas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Villegas A, Whitaker A (2023) Best practices for orthopaedic treatment of pediatric gunshot injuries: current concept review. J Pediatr Orthop Soc N Am 5:683","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop Soc N Am"},{"key":"4730_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00122-5","volume":"33","author":"H Arslan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arslan H, Subasi M, Kesemenli C et al (2002) Problem fractures associated with gunshot wounds in children. Injury 33:743\u2013749","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"4730_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-025-06506-3","volume":"49","author":"Z Jodoin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jodoin Z, Sheikh D, Atkinson C et al (2025) Paediatric ballistic fracture patients: who has poor follow-up and why? Int Orthop 49:1451\u20131460","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"4730_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000346","volume":"29","author":"BA Zelle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zelle BA, Buttacavoli FA, Shroff JB et al (2015) Loss of follow-up in orthopaedic trauma: who is getting lost to follow-up? J Orthop Trauma 29:510\u2013515","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"4730_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-24-01431","volume":"33","author":"S Tabaie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tabaie S, Kapadia A, Gu A et al (2025) Diagnosis and management of pediatric ballistic fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 33:627\u2013635","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"4730_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200409000-00009","volume":"12","author":"JM Flynn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Flynn JM, Schwend RM (2004) Management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 12:347\u2013359","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"4730_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20172151","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2151","volume":"140","author":"AP Hardin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hardin AP, Hackell JM, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine (2017) Age limit of pediatrics. Pediatrics 140:e20172151","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4730_CR14","unstructured":"Certification | General Pediatrics | American Board of Pediatrics. Available at: https:\/\/www.abp.org\/content\/general-pediatrics. Accessed 8 July 2025"},{"key":"4730_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e574","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001736","volume":"37","author":"A Grisoli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grisoli A, Dynako J, Zimmer D et al (2021) Management of a pediatric type 3C open femoral fracture following a high-velocity gunshot wound at an adult level II trauma center. Pediatr Emerg Care 37:e574\u2013e578","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"4730_CR16","unstructured":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2020) Management of Pediatric Diaphyseal Femur Fractures: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, IL. Available from: https:\/\/www.aaos.org\/globalassets\/quality-and-practice-resources\/pdff\/pdffcpg.pdf"},{"key":"4730_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198901000-00006","volume":"9","author":"WA Herndon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Herndon WA, Mahnken RF, Yngve DA et al (1989) Management of femoral shaft fractures in the adolescent. J Pediatr Orthop 9:29\u201332","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"4730_CR18","first-page":"648","volume":"20","author":"RW Poolman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poolman RW, Kocher MS, Bhandari M (2006) Pediatric femoral fractures: a systematic review of 2422 cases. J Orthop Trauma 20:648\u2013654","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"4730_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B2.0790254","volume":"79","author":"DW Murray","year":"1997","unstructured":"Murray DW, Britton AR, Bulstrode CJ (1997) Loss to follow-up matters. J Bone Jt Surg Br 79:254\u2013257","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"4730_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200006000-00010","volume":"82","author":"BM Norquist","year":"2000","unstructured":"Norquist BM, Goldberg BA, Matsen FA (2000) Challenges in evaluating patients lost to follow-up in clinical studies of rotator cuff tears. J Bone Jt Surg Am 82:838\u2013842","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4730_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.05.018","volume":"236","author":"S Sidhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sidhu S, Mandelbaum A, Dobaria V, Williamson CG, Tran Z, Sullins V, Benharash P (2021) National trends in the cost burden of pediatric gunshot wounds across the United States. J Pediatr 236:172\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.05.018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"4730_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0252821","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252821","volume":"16","author":"JS Taylor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taylor JS, Madhavan S, Han RW, Chandler JM, Tenakoon L, Chao S (2021) Financial burden of pediatric firearm-related injury admissions in the United States. PLoS ONE 16(6):e0252821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0252821","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"4730_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002766","volume":"89","author":"R Phillips","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phillips R, Shahi N, Bensard D, Meier M, Shirek G, Goldsmith A, Recicar J, Haasz M, Schroeppel T, Moulton S (2020) Guns, scalpels, and sutures: the cost of gunshot wounds in children and adolescents. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 89(3):558\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000002766","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4730_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040651","volume":"10","author":"RT Loder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loder RT, Luster T (2023) Fractures in children due to firearm activity. Children 10(4):651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10040651","journal-title":"Children"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04730-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04730-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04730-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:35:11Z","timestamp":1774870511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04730-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04730-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the current laws of the country in which the experiments were performed. This project received IRB exemption from the institution the research was performed at.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"149"}}