{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:12:55Z","timestamp":1775805175871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-026-04745-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:25:20Z","timestamp":1775802320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A minimum of 16\u00b0 of rotation of transcervical femoral neck fractures leads to arterial collapse: an anatomical cadaveric study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Tyler","family":"Thorne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Lisitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Mouritsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4745_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.333.7557.27","volume":"333","author":"M Parker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parker M, Johansen A (2006) Hip fracture. BMJ 333:27\u201330","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4745_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i3.204","volume":"5","author":"T Pauyo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pauyo T, Drager J, Albers A, Harvey EJ (2014) Management of femoral neck fractures in the young patient: a critical analysis review. World J Orthop 5:204\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v5.i3.204","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"4745_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658050-00020","volume":"58","author":"RR Protzman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Protzman RR, Burkhalter WE (1976) Femoral-neck fractures in young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 58:689\u2013695","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4745_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(82)90049-3","volume":"14","author":"H Kofoed","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kofoed H (1982) Femoral neck fractures in young adults. Injury 14:146\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-1383(82)90049-3","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"4745_CR5","first-page":"2254","volume":"90","author":"TV Ly","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ly TV, Swiontkowski MF (2008) Treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90:2254\u20132266","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4745_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200408000-00015","volume":"86","author":"GJ Haidukewych","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haidukewych GJ, Rothwell WS, Jacofsky DJ et al (2004) Operative treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients between the ages of fifteen and fifty years. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86:1711\u20131716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-200408000-00015","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4745_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180036","volume":"4","author":"D Petek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petek D, Hannouche D, Suva D (2019) Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: pathophysiology and current concepts of treatment. EFORT Open Rev 4:85\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180036","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"4745_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3650-8","volume":"42","author":"J-P Hauzeur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hauzeur J-P, De Maertelaer V, Baudoux E et al (2018) Inefficacy of autologous bone marrow concentrate in stage three osteonecrosis: a randomized controlled double-blind trial. Int Orthop 42:1429\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-017-3650-8","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"4745_CR9","volume-title":"Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis","author":"J Barney","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barney J, Piuzzi NS, Akhondi H (2023) Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"key":"4745_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.143911","volume":"49","author":"SK Tripathy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tripathy SK, Goyal T, Sen RK (2015) Management of femoral head osteonecrosis: Current concepts. Indian J Orthop 49:28\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.143911","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"4745_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200605000-00005","volume":"20","author":"ES Moon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moon ES, Mehlman CT (2006) Risk factors for avascular necrosis after femoral neck fractures in children: 25 Cincinnati cases and meta-analysis of 360 cases. J Orthop Trauma 20:323\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-200605000-00005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"4745_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.05.009","volume":"105","author":"L Nanty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nanty L, Canovas F, Rodriguez T et al (2019) Femoral neck shortening after internal fixation of Garden I fractures increases the risk of femoral head collapse. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR 105:999\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.05.009","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR"},{"key":"4745_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700019860492","volume":"30","author":"JH Noh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noh JH, Lee JY, Hwang S, Lee KH (2020) Prediction of femoral head avascular necrosis following femoral neck fracture: pin-tract sign of 99mTc-HDP pinhole bone scan after metallic fixation. Hip Int J Clin Exp Res Hip Pathol Ther 30:641\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1120700019860492","journal-title":"Hip Int J Clin Exp Res Hip Pathol Ther"},{"key":"4745_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001852","volume":"34","author":"CD Nwankwo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nwankwo CD, Schimoler P, Greco V et al (2020) Medial Plating of Pauwels Type III Femoral Neck Fractures Decreases Shear and Angular Displacement Compared with a Derotational Screw. J Orthop Trauma 34:639\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001852","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"4745_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.10.022","volume":"47","author":"HK Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song HK, Choi HJ, Yang KH (2016) Risk factors of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and fixation failure in patients with valgus angulated femoral neck fractures over the age of 50 years. Injury 47:2743\u20132748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2016.10.022","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"4745_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B9.BJJ-2019-0275.R1","volume":"101\u2013B","author":"WT Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang WT, Li YQ, Guo YM et al (2019) Risk factors for the development of avascular necrosis after femoral neck fractures in children: a review of 239 cases. Bone Jt J 101\u2013B:1160\u20131167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.101B9.BJJ-2019-0275.R1","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"key":"4745_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.06.014","volume":"97","author":"M Ehlinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ehlinger M, Moser T, Adam P et al (2011) Early prediction of femoral head avascular necrosis following neck fracture. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR 97:79\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.06.014","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR"},{"key":"4745_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.82b5.10426","volume":"82","author":"E Gautier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gautier E, Ganz K, Kr\u00fcgel N et al (2000) Anatomy of the medial femoral circumflex artery and its surgical implications. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82:679\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.82b5.10426","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4745_CR19","volume-title":"Femoral Neck Fractures","author":"J Kazley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kazley J, Bagchi K (2023) Femoral Neck Fractures. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"key":"4745_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.58B1.1270491","volume":"58","author":"R Barnes","year":"1976","unstructured":"Barnes R, Brown JT, Garden RS, Nicoll EA (1976) Subcapital fractures of the femur. A prospective review. J Bone Joint Surg Br 58:2\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.58B1.1270491","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4745_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30066-1","volume":"389","author":"A Nauth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nauth, Aaron, Aaron T. Creek, Abby Zellar, Abdel-Rahman Lawendy, Adam Dowrick, Ajay Gupta, Akhil Dadi et al. (2017) Fracture fixation in the operative management of hip fractures (FAITH): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl 389:1519\u20131527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30066-1","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"4745_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(86)90322-0","volume":"17","author":"F Linde","year":"1986","unstructured":"Linde F, Andersen E, Hvass I et al (1986) Avascular femoral head necrosis following fracture fixation. Injury 17:159\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-1383(86)90322-0","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"4745_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.47B3.560","volume":"47","author":"S Sevitt","year":"1965","unstructured":"Sevitt S, Thompson RG, THE DISTRIBUTION AND ANASTOMOSES OF ARTERIES SUPPLYING THE HEAD AND NECK OF THE FEMUR (1965) J Bone Joint Surg Br 47:560\u2013573","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4745_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0367-4","volume":"18","author":"Y Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu Y, Li M, Zhang M et al (2013) Femoral neck fractures: prognosis based on a new classification after superselective angiography. J Orthop Sci 18:443\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00776-013-0367-4","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"4745_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B11.26993","volume":"93\u2013B","author":"M Zlotorowicz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zlotorowicz M, Szczodry M, Czubak J, Ciszek B (2011) Anatomy of the medial femoral circumflex artery with respect to the vascularity of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Br 93\u2013B:1471\u20131474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.93B11.26993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4745_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B10.20983","volume":"90","author":"AW Grose","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grose AW, Gardner MJ, Sussmann PS et al (2008) The surgical anatomy of the blood supply to the femoral head: description of the anastomosis between the medial femoral circumflex and inferior gluteal arteries at the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90:1298\u20131303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.90B10.20983","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4745_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000442019","volume":"25","author":"K Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu K, Huang J, Wang Q (2016) The Use of Superselective Arteriography in the Evaluation of the Influence of Intracapsular Hip Joint Pressure on the Blood Flow of the Femoral Head. Med Princ Pract Int J Kuwait Univ Health Sci Cent 25:123\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000442019","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract Int J Kuwait Univ Health Sci Cent"},{"key":"4745_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199707000-00022","author":"JI Maruenda","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maruenda JI, Barrios C, Gomar-Sancho F (1997) Intracapsular hip pressure after femoral neck fracture. Clin Orthop. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-199707000-00022","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"4745_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10050","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610050","volume":"19","author":"W Konarski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konarski W, Pobo\u017cy T, Kotela A et al (2022) The risk of avascular necrosis following the stabilization of femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:10050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191610050","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"4745_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.83b8.11964","volume":"83","author":"R Ganz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ganz R, Gill TJ, Gautier E et al (2001) Surgical dislocation of the adult hip a technique with full access to the femoral head and acetabulum without the risk of avascular necrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83:1119\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.83b8.11964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"4745_CR31","first-page":"273","volume":"61","author":"CL Peters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peters CL, Stronach BM, Pelt CE, Erickson JA (2012) Open surgical dislocation for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement: past, present, and future. Instr Course Lect 61:273\u2013287","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04745-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04745-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04745-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:25:22Z","timestamp":1775802322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04745-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04745-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was conducted using cadaveric specimens and did not involve living human subjects or patient data. Therefore, Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was not required in accordance with institutional and regulatory guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"165"}}