{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:30:38Z","timestamp":1787776238019,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of Anesthesia Education and Research"},{"name":"NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) Grants for Early Medical\/Surgical Specialists\u2019 Transition to Aging Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013769","name":"Orthopaedic Trauma Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-026-04932-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:41:45Z","timestamp":1787730105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gastric emptying after athletic carbohydrate supplementation: implications for orthopaedic trauma patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Arissa M.","family":"Torrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Tindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karan","family":"Kommu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard P.","family":"Slobogean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert V.","family":"O\u2019Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0537-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan N.","family":"O\u2019Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4932_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004381","volume":"138","author":"GP Joshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joshi GP, Abdelmalak BB, Weigel WA et al (2023) 2023 American society of anesthesiologists practice guidelines for preoperative fasting: carbohydrate-containing clear liquids with or without protein, chewing gum, and pediatric fasting duration\u2014a modular update of the 2017 American society of anesthesiologists practice guidelines for preoperative fasting. Anesthesiology 138:132\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004381","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"4932_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American society of anesthesiologists task force on preoperative fasting and the use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration * Anesthesiology. 2017; 126(3):376\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001452","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001452"},{"key":"4932_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060251347447","author":"A Melton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Melton A, Thorne N, Tan SY et al (2025) Pre-operative fasting in a cohort of patients undergoing surgery for fractured neck of femur - a retrospective cross-sectional study. Nutr Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02601060251347447","journal-title":"Nutr Health"},{"key":"4932_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48327","volume":"15","author":"H Perera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perera H, Wusu A, Mohammad A et al (2023) An audit on the pre-operative fasting time of trauma-list orthopaedic patients at a district general hospital in Chichester, United Kingdom. Cureus 15:e48327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.48327","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4932_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2025.109483","volume":"184","author":"S Lam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lam S, Cannesson MP, Osuna-Garcia A et al (2025) No association between preprocedural fasting and witnessed pulmonary aspiration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgery 184:109483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2025.109483","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"4932_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-014-0274-y","volume":"62","author":"T Schricker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schricker T, Lattermann R (2015) Perioperative catabolism. Can J Anaesth 62:182\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-014-0274-y","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4932_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0690-6","volume":"47","author":"AE Jeukendrup","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jeukendrup AE (2017) Training the gut for athletes. Sports Med 47(Suppl 1):101\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0690-6","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"4932_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu151","volume":"113","author":"P Van de Putte","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van de Putte P, Perlas A (2014) Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Br J Anaesth 113:12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeu151","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"4932_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-017-1031-9","volume":"65","author":"A Perlas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perlas A, Arzola C, Van de Putte P (2018) Point-of-care gastric ultrasound and aspiration risk assessment: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth 65:437\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-017-1031-9. (English)","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"4932_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-106346","author":"SC Haskins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haskins SC, Bronshteyn YS, Ledbetter L et al (2025) ASRA pain medicine narrative review and expert practice recommendations for gastric point-of-care ultrasound to assess aspiration risk in medically complex patients undergoing regional anesthesia and pain procedures. Reg Anesth Pain Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2024-106346","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"4932_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","volume":"370","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M et al (2007) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 370:1453\u20131457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4932_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7892","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01617A","volume":"10","author":"L Marciani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marciani L, Lopez-Sanchez P, Pettersson S et al (2019) Alginate and HM-pectin in sports-drink give rise to intra-gastric gelation in vivo. Food Funct 10:7892\u20137899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C9FO01617A","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"4932_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002301","volume":"52","author":"S Sutehall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sutehall S, Galloway SDR, Bosch A et al (2020) Addition of an alginate hydrogel to a carbohydrate beverage enhances gastric emptying. Med Sci Sports Exerc 52:1785\u20131792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002301","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"4932_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6963","volume":"97","author":"ZG Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang ZG, Wang Q, Wang WJ et al (2010) Randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate versus placebo on insulin resistance after colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 97:317\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.6963","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"4932_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4412","volume":"91","author":"T Bisgaard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bisgaard T, Kristiansen VB, Hjorts\u00f8 NC et al (2004) Randomized clinical trial comparing an oral carbohydrate beverage with placebo before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 91:151\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.4412","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"4932_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7026","volume":"97","author":"S Mathur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mathur S, Plank LD, McCall JL et al (2010) Randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in major abdominal surgery. Br J Surg 97:485\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.7026","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"4932_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a97250","volume":"111","author":"A Perlas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perlas A, Chan VWS, Lupu CM et al (2009) Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Anesthesiology 111:82\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a97250","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"4932_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318274fc19","volume":"116","author":"A Perlas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perlas A, Mitsakakis N, Liu L et al (2013) Validation of a mathematical model for ultrasound assessment of gastric volume by gastroscopic examination. Anesth Analg 116:357\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318274fc19","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"4932_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000193","volume":"121","author":"R Kruisselbrink","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kruisselbrink R, Arzola C, Endersby R et al (2014) Intra- and interrater reliability of ultrasound assessment of gastric volume. Anesthesiology 121:46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000193","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"4932_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041865","volume":"104","author":"D Van Loi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Van Loi D, Lam ND, Tuoi TT et al (2025) Effect of preoperative carbohydrate intake on gastric residual volume and pH in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Medicine 104:e41865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000041865","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"4932_CR21","unstructured":"Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady D, Newman TB (2013) Designing clinical research: an epidemiologic approach. In: 4th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia Appendix 6A, p. 73"},{"key":"4932_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-016-0299-6","volume":"17","author":"PM Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m PM, Samuelsson B, Al-Ani AN et al (2017) Normal gastric emptying time of a carbohydrate-rich drink in elderly patients with acute hip fracture: a pilot study. BMC Anesthesiol 17:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-016-0299-6","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"4932_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020831","volume":"486","author":"GE Vist","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vist GE, Maughan RJ (1995) The effect of osmolality and carbohydrate content on the rate of gastric emptying of liquids in man. J Physiol 486:523\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020831","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4932_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009161.pub2","author":"MD Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith MD, McCall J, Plank L et al (2014) Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009161.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"4932_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021245","volume":"6","author":"MG Jeschke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jeschke MG, Gauglitz GG, Kulp GA et al (2011) Long-term persistance of the pathophysiologic response to severe burn injury. PLoS ONE 6:e21245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0021245","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4932_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00658.x","volume":"19","author":"M Horowitz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Horowitz M, O\u2019Donovan D, Jones KL et al (2002) Gastric emptying in diabetes: clinical significance and treatment. Diabet Med 19:177\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00658.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"4932_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199710000-00008","volume":"87","author":"DB Murphy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Murphy DB, Sutton JA, Prescott LF et al (1997) Opioid-induced delay in gastric emptying: a peripheral mechanism in humans. Anesthesiology 87:765\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-199710000-00008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"4932_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae719","volume":"110","author":"RJ Jalleh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jalleh RJ, Plummer MP, Marathe CS et al (2024) Clinical consequences of delayed gastric emptying with GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 110:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae719","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04932-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04932-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04932-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:01:57Z","timestamp":1787774517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04932-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-026-04932-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"349"}}