{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:43:59Z","timestamp":1792579439838,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-026-05002-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:21:31Z","timestamp":1792578091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["External validation of the FRACTING, LEG-NUI, and NURD scores for predicting non-union after tibial intramedullary nailing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Belinda","family":"Trobec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Canton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Spedicato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Murena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00803","volume":"95","author":"MR Brinker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brinker MR, Hanus BD, Sen M et al (2013) The Devastating Effects of Tibial Non-union on Health-Related Quality of Life. J Bone Joint Surg 95:2170\u20132176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.L.00803","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"5002_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4821-4","volume":"474","author":"K O\u2019Halloran","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Halloran K, Coale M, Costales T et al (2016) Will My Tibial Fracture Heal? Predicting Non-union at the Time of Definitive Fixation Based on Commonly Available Variables. Clin Orthop Relat Res 474:1385\u20131395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-016-4821-4","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"5002_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-018-0905-z","volume":"45","author":"S \u00d6zkan","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00d6zkan S, Nolte PA, van den Bekerom MPJ et al (2019) Diagnosis and management of long-bone non-unions: a nationwide survey. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 45:3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-018-0905-z","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"5002_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-42","volume":"14","author":"E Antonova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antonova E, Le TK, Burge R et al (2013) Tibia shaft fractures: costly burden of non-unions. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 14:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-14-42","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"5002_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23460","volume":"35","author":"P Kostenuik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kostenuik P, Mirza FM (2017) Fracture healing physiology and the quest for therapies for delayed healing and non-union. J Orthop Res 35:213\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.23460","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"5002_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6407098","volume":"2019","author":"M Rupp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rupp M, Kern S, El Khassawna T et al (2019) Do Systemic Factors Influence the Fate of Non-unions to Become Atrophic? A Retrospective Analysis of 162 Cases. Biomed Res Int 2019:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/6407098","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"5002_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.26.2000142","volume":"2","author":"RA Patel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel RA, Wilson RF, Patel PA et al (2013) The effect of smoking on bone healing. Bone Joint Res 2:102\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2046-3758.26.2000142","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"5002_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.04.020","volume":"48","author":"BP Cunningham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cunningham BP, Brazina S, Morshed S et al (2017) Fracture healing: A review of clinical, imaging and laboratory diagnostic options. Injury 48:S69\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2017.04.020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"5002_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.04.016","volume":"42","author":"GM Calori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Calori GM, Giannoudis PV (2011) Enhancement of fracture healing with the diamond concept: The role of the biological chamber. Injury 42:1191\u20131193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2011.04.016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"5002_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-05088-0","volume":"45","author":"GD Chloros","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chloros GD, Kanakaris NK, Vun JSH et al (2021) Scoring systems for early prediction of tibial fracture non-union: an update. Int Orthop 45:2081\u20132091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-021-05088-0","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"5002_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v15.i6.560","volume":"15","author":"D Quarta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quarta D, Grassi M, Lattanzi G et al (2024) Three predictive scores compared in a retrospective multicenter study of non-union tibial shaft fracture. World J Orthop 15:560\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v15.i6.560","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"5002_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1809091","volume":"2018","author":"L Massari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Massari L, Benazzo F, Falez F et al (2018) Can Clinical and Surgical Parameters Be Combined to Predict How Long It Will Take a Tibia Fracture to Heal? A Prospective Multicentre Observational Study: The FRACTING Study. Biomed Res Int 2018:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1809091","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"5002_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.06.050","volume":"51","author":"NN O\u2019Hara","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara NN, Slobogean GP, O\u2019Halloran K et al (2020) Predicting tibia shaft non-unions at initial fixation: An external validation of the Non-union Risk Determination (NURD) score in the SPRINT trial data. Injury 51:2302\u20132308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2020.06.050","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"5002_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.12.028","volume":"51","author":"Y Atwan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atwan Y, Schemitsch EH (2020) Radiographic evaluations: Which are most effective to follow fracture healing? Injury 51:S18\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.12.028","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"5002_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01904-2","volume":"15","author":"R Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian R, Zheng F, Zhao W et al (2020) Prevalence and influencing factors of non-union in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 15:377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-020-01904-2","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-026-05002-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-026-05002-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-026-05002-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:21:32Z","timestamp":1792578092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-026-05002-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-026-05002-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Local Ethics Committee, and all procedures complied with the relevant institutional and national ethical guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"415"}}