{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T02:52:21Z","timestamp":1784170341104,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]],"date-time":"2018-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012213","name":"Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RSSDI\/HQ\/Grants\/2014\/250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSSDI\/HQ\/Grants\/2014\/250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012213","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Diabetol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1240-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]],"date-time":"2018-10-13T12:22:19Z","timestamp":1539433339000},"page":"1283-1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in South Indians with different grades of glucose tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ramamoorthy","family":"Jayashri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulagamathesan","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menon","family":"Rohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuppan","family":"Gokulakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coimbatore Subramanian","family":"Shanthi Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan","family":"Deepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjit Mohan","family":"Anjana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viswanathan","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4909-3733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra","family":"Pradeepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1240_CR1","first-page":"93","volume":"233","author":"A Miller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miller A, Korem M, Almog R, Galboiz Y (2005) Vitamin B12, demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis. J NeurolSci 233:93\u201397","journal-title":"J NeurolSci"},{"key":"1240_CR2","first-page":"979","volume":"67","author":"R Oh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oh R, Brown D (2003) Vitamin B12 deficiency. Am Fam Physician 67:979\u2013986","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"1240_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90149-X","volume":"96","author":"DG Savage","year":"1994","unstructured":"Savage DG, Lindenbaum J, Stabler SP, Allen RH (1994) Sensitivity of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine determinations for diagnosing cobalamin and folate deficiencies. Am J Med 96:239\u2013246","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1240_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klee GG, (2000)Cobalamin and folate evaluation; measurement of methylmalonic acid and homocysteinevs vitamin B12 and folate. Clin Chem 46:1277\u20131283","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.8.1277"},{"key":"1240_CR5","first-page":"775","volume":"54","author":"CS Yajnik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yajnik CS, Deshpande SS, Lubree HG, et al (2006) Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in rural and urban Indians. J Assoc Physicians India 54:775\u2013782","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"1240_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s003940200010","volume":"41","author":"A Misra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Misra A, Vikram NK, Pandey RM et al (2002) Hyperhomocysteinemia, and low intakes of folic acid and vitamin B12 in urban North India. Eur J Nutr 41:68\u201377","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"1240_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2009.05.090044","volume":"22","author":"M Pflipsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pflipsen M, Oh R, Saguil A, Seehusen D, Topolski R (2009) The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. J Am Board Fam Med 22:528\u2013534","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"1240_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-016-0250-x","volume":"15","author":"GP Akabwai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akabwai GP, Kibirige D, Mugenyi L et al (2016) Vitamin B12 deficiency among adult diabetic patients in Uganda: relation to glycaemic control and haemoglobin concentration. J Diabetes Metab Disord 15:26","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"1240_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2319-2003.ijbcp20180104","author":"D Shailendra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shailendra D, Rizwan K, Narayan KMV, Prabhakaran D, Nikhil T, Reddy PS (2003) Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a South Indian rural community. Int J Basics Clin Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/2319-2003.ijbcp20180104","journal-title":"Int J Basics Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1240_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adaikalakoteswari A, Jayashri R, Sukumar N et al (2014) Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with adverse lipid profile in Europeans and Indians with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 13:129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-014-0129-4"},{"key":"1240_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-003-0007-z","volume":"5","author":"C Guldener van","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Guldener C, Nanayakkara PW, Stehouwer CD (2003) Homocysteine and blood pressure. Curr Hypertens Rep 5:26\u201331","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"1240_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.05.027","volume":"98","author":"P Sudchada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sudchada P, Saokaew S, Sridetch S et al (2012) Effect of folic acid supplementation on plasma total homocysteine levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 98:151\u2013158","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"1240_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00287-5","volume":"326","author":"MT Agullo-Ortuno","year":"2002","unstructured":"Agullo-Ortuno MT, Albaladejo MD, Parra S et al (2002) Plasmatic homocysteine concentration and its relationship with complications associated to diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 326:105\u2013112","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"1240_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)93019-2","volume":"355","author":"JC Chambers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chambers JC, Obeid OA, Refsum H et al (2000) Plasma homocysteine concentrations and risk of coronaryheart disease in UK Indian Asian and European men. Lancet 355:523\u2013527","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1240_CR15","first-page":"343","volume":"48","author":"EA Enas","year":"1996","unstructured":"Enas EA, Garg A, Davidson MA, Nair VM, Huet BA, Yusuf S (1996) Coronary heart disease and its risk factors in first-generation immigrant Asian Indians to the United States of America. Indian Heart J 48:343\u2013353","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"1240_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2814","volume":"38","author":"RM Anjana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anjana RM, Shanthi Rani CS, Deepa M et al (2015) Incidence of diabetes and prediabetes and predictors of progression among Asian Indians: 10-year follow-up of the Chennai Urban rural epidemiology study (CURES). Diabetes Care 38:1441\u20131448","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1240_CR17","first-page":"863","volume":"51","author":"M Deepa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Rema M et al (2003) The Chennai urban rural epidemiology study (CURES)- study design and methodology (urban component). J Assoc Physicians India 51:863\u2013870","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"1240_CR18","volume-title":"Modern epidemiology","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rothman KJ (1986) Modern epidemiology. Little, Brown and Company, Boston"},{"key":"1240_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000078","volume":"81","author":"S Naik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naik S, Joglekar C, Bhat D et al (2011) Marked gender difference in plasma total homocysteine concentrations in Indian adults with low vitamin B12. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 81:306\u2013316","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"1240_CR20","unstructured":"Harrison GG, Buskirk ER, Lindsay Carter ER et al. Skinfold thickness and measurement technique. In: Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R (eds) Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Human Kinetics Books, Champaign, 55\u201370"},{"key":"1240_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/09637480600969220","volume":"57","author":"V Sudha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sudha V, Radhika G, Sathya RM, Ganesan A, Mohan V (2006) Reproducibility and validity of an interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake of urban adults in southern India. Int J Food Sci Nutr 57:481\u2013493","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"1240_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195122978.001.0001","volume-title":"Nutritional epidemiology","author":"WC Willett","year":"1998","unstructured":"Willett WC (1998) Nutritional epidemiology, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New York","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"1240_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"15","author":"KG Alberti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ (1998) Definition diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15:539\u2013553","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1240_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-409","volume":"4","author":"AJ Howard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Howard AJ, Kulkarni O, Lekwuwa G, Emsley HC (2010) Rapidly progressive polyneuropathy due to dry beriberi in a man: a case report. J Med Case Rep 4:409","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"1240_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2003.1.62","volume":"2003","author":"R Carmel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carmel R, Green R, Rosenblatt DS, Watkins D (2003) Update on cobalamin, folate, and homocysteine. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2003:62\u201381","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"1240_CR26","unstructured":"Stabler SP, Allen RH (2004) Megaloblasticanemias. In: Cecil RL, Goldman L, Ausiello DA (eds) Cecil textbook of medicine. 22nd ed, Pa Saunders, Philadelphia, 1050\u20131057"},{"key":"1240_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.suppl_4.1273S","volume":"126","author":"SS Kang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kang SS (1996) Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia: physiological basis. J Nutr 126:1273S\u20131275S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"1240_CR28","first-page":"22","volume-title":"World health organization, international association for the study of obesity and international obesity task force","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2000) Redefining obesity and its treatment. Regional office for the western pacific of the. In: World health organization, international association for the study of obesity and international obesity task force. Health Communications Australia Pty Limited, St Leonards, 22\u201329 p"},{"key":"1240_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","volume":"289","author":"AV Chobanian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al (2003) National heart, lung, and blood institute joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure; national high blood pressure education program coordinating committee. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-7). JAMA 289:2560\u20132572","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1240_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic colour fundus photographs\u2014an extension of the modified Airlie House classification (1991). ETDRS report number 10. Ophthalmology 98:786\u2013806","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38012-9"},{"key":"1240_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02397.x","volume":"25","author":"R Pradeepa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pradeepa R, Rema M, Vignesh J, Deepa M, Deepa R, Mohan V (2008) Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic neuropathy in an urban south Indian population: the Chennai Urban rural epidemiology study (CURES-55). Diabet Med 25:407\u2013412","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1240_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.77.908.399","volume":"77","author":"A Varghese","year":"2001","unstructured":"Varghese A, Deepa R, Rema M, Mohan V (2001) Prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus at a diabetes centre in Southern India. Postgraduate Med J 77:399\u2013402","journal-title":"Postgraduate Med J"},{"key":"1240_CR33","unstructured":"Rose GA, Blackburn H, GillumRF et al (1982) Cardiovascular survey methods. In: Minnesota code for resting electrocardiograms, 2nd Ed, Minnesota Code, p 124\u2013143"},{"key":"1240_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.023","volume":"58","author":"TW Rooke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rooke TW, Hirsch AT, Misra S et al.(2011). Society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions; society of interventional radiology; society for vascular medicine; society for vascular surgery. 2011 ACCF\/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with peripheral artery disease (updating the 2005 guideline): a report of the American college of cardiology foundation\/ American heart association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 58: 2020\u20132045","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1240_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4509","volume":"31","author":"X Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu X (2012) Classification accuracy and cut point selection. Stat Med 31(23):2676\u20132686","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"1240_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530314666141111103217","volume":"15","author":"R Vald\u00e9s-Ramos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vald\u00e9s-Ramos R, Ana Laura G-L, Elina M-CB, Donaj\u00ed B-AA (2015) Vitamins and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 15:54\u201363","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"1240_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.7.965","volume":"29","author":"SH Ko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ko SH, Ko SH, Ahn YB et al. (2014) Association of vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Korean Med Sci 29:965\u2013972","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"1240_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/14746514040040060701","volume":"4","author":"L Hermann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hermann L, Nilsson B, Wettre S (2004) Vitamin B12 status of patients treated with metformin: a cross-sectional cohort study. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 4:401","journal-title":"Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis"},{"key":"1240_CR39","first-page":"58","volume":"60","author":"A Kumthekar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumthekar A, Gidwani H, Kumthekar A (2012) Metformin associated B12 deficiency. J Assoc Physicians India 60:58\u201359","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"1240_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70598-1","volume":"5","author":"E Reynolds","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reynolds E (2006) Vitamin B12, folic acid, and the nervous system. Lancet Neurol 5:949\u2013960","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1240_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.15057","volume":"53","author":"S Aaron","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aaron S, Kumar S, Vijayan J, Jacob J, Alexander M, Gnanamuthu C (2005) Clinical and laboratory features and response to treatment in patients presenting with vitamin B12 deficiency-related neurological syndromes. Neurol India 53(1):55\u20138 (discussion 59)","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"1240_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.660","volume":"23","author":"HC Looker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Looker HC, Fagot-Campagna A, Gunter EW et al. (2007) Homocysteine and vitamin B(12) concentrations and mortality rates in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 23:193\u2013201","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"1240_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26747","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026747","volume":"6","author":"A Satyanarayana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Satyanarayana A, Balakrishna N, Pitla S et al (2011) Status of B-vitamins and homocysteine in diabetic retinopathy: association with vitamin-B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia. PLoS One 6:e26747","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1240_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807209","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/807209","volume":"2014","author":"P Fotiou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fotiou P, Raptis A, Apergis G, Dimitriadis G, Vergados I, Theodossiadis P (2014) Vitamin status as a determinant of serum homocysteine concentration in type 2 diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Res. 2014:807209","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"1240_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.2.233","volume":"74","author":"H Refsum","year":"2001","unstructured":"Refsum H, Yajnik CS, Gadkari M et al. (2001) Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated methylmalonic acid indicate a high prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in Asian Indians. Am J Clin Nutr 74:233\u2013241","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1240_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000442677","volume":"68","author":"M Sivaprasad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sivaprasad M, Shalini T, Balakrishna N et al. (2016) Status of vitamin B12 and folate among the Urban adult population in South India. Ann Nutr Metab 68:94\u2013102","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"1240_CR47","first-page":"432","volume":"134","author":"V Shobha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shobha V, Tareya S, Singh R, Shetty P, Unni US, Srinivasan K, Kurpad AV (2011) Vitamin B12 deficiency and levels of metabolites in an apparently normal urban south Indian elderly population. Indian J Med Res 134:432\u2013439","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"1240_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31823782a5","volume":"344","author":"OR Henry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Henry OR, Benghuzzi H, Taylor HA Jr, Tucci M, Butler K et al (2012) Suppression of homocysteine levels by vitamin B12 and folates: age and gender dependency in the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Med Sci 344:110\u2013115","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1240_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.5455\/jib.20140716041521","volume":"3","author":"E Moore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moore E, Pasco J, Mander A et al. (2014) The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in a random sample from the Australian population. J Investigational Biochem 3:95\u2013100","journal-title":"J Investigational Biochem"},{"key":"1240_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-29","volume":"6","author":"H Fakhrzadeh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fakhrzadeh H, Ghotbi S, Pourebrahim R et al (2006) Total plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin b12 status in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran homocysteine survey (2003\u20132004)\/a cross-sectional population based study. BMC Public Health 6:29\u201336","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1240_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/15.2.77","volume":"15","author":"BM Mehta","year":"1964","unstructured":"Mehta BM, Rege DV, Satoskar RS (1964) Serum vitamin B12 and folic acid activity in lactovegetarian and non vegetarian healthy adult Indians. Am J Clin Nutr 15:77\u201384","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1240_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-003-0387-5","volume":"42","author":"Yi-Chia Huang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huang YC, Chang SJ, Chiu YT, Chang HH, Cheng CH. The status of plasmahomocysteine and related B-vitamins in healthy young vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Eur J Nutr. R2:84\u201390","journal-title":"European Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"(2_suppl1)","key":"1240_CR53","first-page":"S20-S34","volume":"29","author":"LH Allen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allen LH (2008) Causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Food Nutr Bull. 29(2_suppl1): S20-S34","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"1240_CR54","unstructured":"Global Poultry Trends (2012) Chicken consumption steady in oceania, rising in Africa 2012. http:\/\/www.thepoultrysite.com\/articles\/2640\/global-poultry-trends-2012-chicken-consumption-steady-in-oceania-rising-in-africa\/ . Accessed 3 Sept 2018"},{"key":"1240_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.131","volume":"78","author":"W Herrmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herrmann W, Schorr H, Obeid R, Geisel J (2003) Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr 78:131\u2013136","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1240_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.12.3319","volume":"134","author":"C Koebnick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koebnick C, Hoffmann I, Dagnelie PC et al. (2004) Long-term ovo-lacto vegetarian diet impairs vitamin B-12 status in pregnant women. J Nutr 134:3319\u20133326","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"1240_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S105","volume":"29","author":"LH Allen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allen LH (2008) Causes of B12 and folate deficiency. Food Nutr Bull 29:S20\u2013S35","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"1240_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19560018","volume":"10","author":"GA Dhopeswarkar","year":"1956","unstructured":"Dhopeswarkar GA, Trivedi JC, Kulkarni BS, Satoskar RS, Lewis RD (1956) The effect of vegetarianism and antibiotics upon proteins and vitamin B-12 in the blood. Br J Nutr 10:105\u2013110","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"1240_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-136","volume":"12","author":"S Naik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naik S, Bhide V, Babhulkar A et al. (2013) Daily milk intake improves vitamin B-12 status in young vegetarian Indians: an intervention trial. Nutr J 12:136","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"1240_CR60","first-page":"203","volume":"10","author":"D Baltaci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baltaci D, Kutlucan A, Turker Y et al. (2013) Association of vitamin B12 with obesity, overweight, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, and body fat composition; primary care-based study. Med Glas (Zenica) 10:203\u2013210","journal-title":"Med Glas (Zenica)"},{"key":"1240_CR61","first-page":"59","volume":"8","author":"JE Kimmons","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kimmons JE, Blanck HM, Tohill BC, Zhang J, Khan LK (2006) Associations between body mass index and the prevalence of low micronutrient levels among US adults. Med Gen Med. 8:59","journal-title":"Med Gen Med"},{"key":"1240_CR62","first-page":"22","volume":"64","author":"M Narang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Narang M, Singh M, Dange S (2016) Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 64:22\u201326","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"1240_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1582","volume":"35","author":"L Reinstatler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reinstatler L, Qi Y, Williamson R, Garn J, Oakley-Jr G (2012) Association of biochemical B12 deficiency with metformin therapy and vitamin B12 supplements. The national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999\u20132006. Diabetes Care. 35:327\u2013333","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1240_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508313330902","volume":"333","author":"R DeFronzo","year":"1995","unstructured":"DeFronzo R, Goodman A (1995) Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The multicenter metformin study group. N Engl J Med 333:541\u2013549","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1240_CR65","unstructured":"Tavares Bello C, Capit\u00e3o RM, Sequeira Duarte J, Azinheira J, Vasconcelos C(2017) Vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Med Port. 30719\u2013726"},{"key":"1240_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-867","volume":"14","author":"T Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang T, Ren J, Huang J, Li D(2013). Association of homocysteine with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis implementing Mendelian randomization approach. BMC Genomics. 14:867","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"1240_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1050170","volume":"173","author":"BM Gilfix","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gilfix BM((2005) Vitamin B12 and homocysteine. CMAJ 173:1360","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"1240_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-017-0218-0","volume":"9","author":"DE Platt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Platt DE, Hariri E, Salameh P et al. (2017) Type II diabetes mellitus and hyperhomocysteinemia: a complex interaction. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 9:19","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"1240_CR69","first-page":"294","volume":"11","author":"KA Head","year":"2006","unstructured":"Head KA((2006) Peripheral neuropathy: pathogenic mechanisms and alternative therapies. Altern Med Rev. 11:294\u2013329","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"1240_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26747","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026747","volume":"6","author":"A Satyanarayana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Satyanarayana A, Balakrishna N, Pitla S et al. (2011) Status of B-vitamins and homocysteine in diabetic retinopathy: association with vitamin-B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia. Malaga G. ed. PLoS One 6:e26747","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1240_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.902","volume":"25","author":"M Shargorodsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shargorodsky M, Boaz M, Pasternak S et al. (2009) Serum homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 levels and arterial stiffness in diabetic patients: which of them is really important in atherogenesis? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 25:70\u201375","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1240_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.03.017","volume":"11","author":"S Bherwani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bherwani S, Ahirwar AK, Saumya AS et al. (2017) The study of association of Vitamin B(12) deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic nephropathy in North Indian population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 11(Suppl 1):S365\u2013S368","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"10","key":"1240_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-1025-7","volume":"54","author":"F Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu F, Jing Y, Tang X et al. (2017) Anemia: an independent risk factor of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 54(10):925\u2013931","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"}],"container-title":["Acta Diabetologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00592-018-1240-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-018-1240-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-018-1240-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:58:23Z","timestamp":1605229103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00592-018-1240-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-018-1240-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-5429","1432-5233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-5429","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors have no relevant conflict of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standard statement"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study which has done according to the ethical standards and in keeping with Helsinki Declaration of 2008 (ICH GCP).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}