{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T19:14:24Z","timestamp":1778094864320,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001648","name":"European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EFSD\/CDS\/Lilly Collaborative Grant Programme-2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFSD\/CDS\/Lilly Collaborative Grant Programme-2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2018YFC1315603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1315603"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Diabetol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01387-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T05:20:32Z","timestamp":1564636832000},"page":"1217-1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pathophysiological characteristics in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults using clamp tests: evidence of a continuous disease spectrum of diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0374-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1387_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3068","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3068","volume":"35","author":"X Niu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niu X, Luo S, Li X et al (2019) Identification of a distinct phenotype of elderly latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: LADA China Study 8. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 35(1):e3068. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.3068","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1387_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0342","volume":"171","author":"S Zampetti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zampetti S, Campagna G, Tiberti C et al (2014) High GADA titer increases the risk of insulin requirement in LADA patients: a 7-year follow-up (NIRAD study 7). Eur J Endocrinol 171(6):697\u2013704. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-14-0342","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1387_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1696","volume":"30","author":"R Buzzetti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buzzetti R, Di Pietro S, Giaccari A et al (2007) High titer of autoantibodies to GAD identifies a specific phenotype of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes Care 30(4):932\u2013938. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc06-1696","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"1387_CR4","first-page":"1728","volume":"116","author":"X Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li X, Yang L, Zhou Z, Huang G, Yan X (2003) Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody levels discriminate two subtypes of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Chin Med J (Engl) 116(11):1728\u20131732","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1387_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0207","volume":"62","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Xiang Y, Ji L et al (2013) Frequency, immunogenetics, and clinical characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in China (LADA China study): a nationwide, multicenter, clinic-based cross-sectional study. Diabetes 62(2):543\u2013550","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1387_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1770","volume":"38","author":"L Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu L, Li X, Xiang Y et al (2015) Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults with low-titer GAD antibodies: similar disease progression with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide, multicenter prospective study (LADA China Study 3). Diabetes Care 38(1):16\u201321. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc14-1770","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"46","key":"1387_CR7","first-page":"2571","volume":"142","author":"P Panczel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Panczel P, Hosszufalusi N, Bornemisza B et al (2001) Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA): part of the clinical spectrum of type-1 diabetes mellitus of autoimmune origin. Orv Hetil 142(46):2571\u20132578","journal-title":"Orv Hetil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1387_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2018.23.3.126","volume":"23","author":"S Kalra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalra S, Dhingra M (2018) Childhood diabetes in India. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 23(3):126\u2013130. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.6065\/apem.2018.23.3.126","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1387_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ (1998) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15(7):539-553. https:\/\/do.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"issue":"1","key":"1387_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1419","volume":"32","author":"MI Hawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hawa MI, Thivolet C, Mauricio D et al (2009) Metabolic syndrome and autoimmune diabetes: action LADA 3. Diabetes Care 32(1):160\u2013164. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc08-1419","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1387_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2396","volume":"29","author":"G Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang G, Xiang Y, Pan L, Li X, Luo S, Zhou Z (2013) Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) could help differentiate latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) from phenotypic type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 29(5):363\u2013368","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1387_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.3.459","volume":"43","author":"JS Petersen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Petersen JS, Hejnaes KR, Moody A et al (1994) Detection of GAD65 antibodies in diabetes and other autoimmune diseases using a simple radioligand assay. Diabetes 43(3):459\u2013467. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.43.3.459","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"1387_CR13","first-page":"82","volume":"23","author":"H Gan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gan H, Zhiguang Z, Jian P et al (2003) Detection of GAD-Ab index in diabetic patients using 35S labeled recombinant human GAD65 antigen. Chin J Nucl Med 23(2):82\u201386","journal-title":"Chin J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1387_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E214","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1979.237.3.E214","volume":"237","author":"RA DeFronzo","year":"1979","unstructured":"DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R (1979) Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. Am J Physiol 237(3):E214\u2013223. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1979.237.3.E214","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1387_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12029","volume":"5","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiang Y, Zhou Z, Deng C, Leslie RD (2013) Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in Asians: similarities and differences between East and West. J Diabetes 5(2):118\u2013126. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12029","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"1387_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.148270","volume":"57","author":"B Brooks-Worrell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brooks-Worrell B, Palmer JP (2011) Is diabetes mellitus a continuous spectrum? Clin Chem 57(2):158\u2013161. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2010.148270","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"1387_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1120","volume":"94","author":"RG Naik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naik RG, Brooks-Worrell BM, Palmer JP (2009) Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94(12):4635\u20134644. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-1120","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"1387_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0025-1","volume":"14","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Davies MJ (2018) Accurate diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and new paradigms of classification. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14(7):386\u2013387. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-018-0025-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1387_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17433-8","volume":"7","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu S, Chen R, Chen Z, Yuan J, Li Q (2017) A Novel Classification Indicator of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in China. Sci Rep 7(1):17420. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-17433-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1387_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-015-0799-8","volume":"52","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiang Y, Huang G, Shan Z et al (2015) Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies are dominant but insufficient to identify most Chinese with adult-onset non-insulin requiring autoimmune diabetes: LADA China study 5. Acta Diabetol 52(6):1121\u20131127. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-015-0799-8","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1387_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-1091-x","volume":"55","author":"E Niechcial","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niechcial E, Rogowicz-Frontczak A, Pilacinski S et al (2018) Autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 are related to age and metabolic state in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune diabetes. Acta Diabetol 55(3):287\u2013294. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-017-1091-x","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1387_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-010-0196-2","volume":"49","author":"G Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang G, Wang X, Li Z, Li H, Li X, Zhou Z (2012) Insulin autoantibody could help to screen latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in phenotypic type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese. Acta Diabetol 49(5):327\u2013331. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-010-0196-2","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1387_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.03976.x","volume":"74","author":"P Jin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jin P, Huang G, Lin J et al (2011) High titre of antiglutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody is a strong predictor of the development of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 74(5):587\u2013592. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.03976.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"10","key":"1387_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2017.0103","volume":"15","author":"A Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar A, de Leiva A (2017) Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in North Indian region: assessment of beta-Cell function, metabolic and immunological features. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 15(10):494\u2013499. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2017.0103","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1387_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2411","volume":"29","author":"A Mollo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mollo A, Hernandez M, Marsal JR et al (2013) Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is perched between type 1 and type 2: evidence from adults in one region of Spain. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 29(6):446\u2013451. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.2411","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1387_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.s68","volume":"54","author":"G Stenstrom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stenstrom G, Gottsater A, Bakhtadze E, Berger B, Sundkvist G (2005) Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: definition, prevalence, beta-cell function, and treatment. Diabetes 54(Suppl 2):S68\u2013S72. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.s68","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9087","key":"1387_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)03062-6","volume":"350","author":"R Turner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Turner R, Stratton I, Horton V et al (1997) UKPDS 25: autoantibodies to islet-cell cytoplasm and glutamic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet 350(9087):1288\u20131293. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)03062-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"1387_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12700","volume":"32","author":"E Laugesen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laugesen E, Ostergaard JA, Leslie RD, Danish Diabetes Academy W, Workshop S (2015) Latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult: current knowledge and uncertainty. Diabet Med 32(7):843\u2013852. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12700","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1387_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.1.6228","volume":"85","author":"A Carlsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carlsson A, Sundkvist G, Groop L, Tuomi T (2000) Insulin and glucagon secretion in patients with slowly progressing autoimmune diabetes (LADA). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85(1):76\u201380. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.85.1.6228","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1387_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.12.013","volume":"77","author":"HK Chiu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chiu HK, Tsai EC, Juneja R et al (2007) Equivalent insulin resistance in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 77(2):237\u2013244. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.12.013","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"1387_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12434","volume":"31","author":"CB Juhl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Juhl CB, Bradley U, Holst JJ et al (2014) Similar weight-adjusted insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in short-duration late autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) and type 2 diabetes: action LADA 9 [corrected]. Diabet Med 31(8):941\u2013945. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12434","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1387_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2005.3.174","volume":"3","author":"X Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li X, Zhou Z, Huang G, Su H, Yan X, Yang L (2005) Metabolic syndrome in adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 3(2):174\u2013180. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2005.3.174","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"1387_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00320","volume":"10","author":"S Carlsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carlsson S (2019) Etiology and pathogenesis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) compared to type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol 10:320. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00320","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1387_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4596-0","volume":"61","author":"R Hjort","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hjort R, Ahlqvist E, Carlsson PO et al (2018) Overweight, obesity and the risk of LADA: results from a Swedish case-control study and the Norwegian HUNT study. Diabetologia 61(6):1333\u20131343. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-018-4596-0","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1387_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399814666180716150253","volume":"15","author":"S Carlsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carlsson S (2019) Environmental (lifestyle) risk factors for LADA. Curr Diabetes Rev 15(3):178\u2013187. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573399814666180716150253","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1387_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12012","volume":"171","author":"BM Brooks-Worrell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brooks-Worrell BM, Palmer JP (2013) Attenuation of islet-specific T cell responses is associated with C-peptide improvement in autoimmune type 2 diabetes patients. Clin Exp Immunol 171(2):164\u2013170. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.12012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1387_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.09.044","volume":"8","author":"Z Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang Z, Zhou Z, Li X, Huang G, Lin J (2009) Rosiglitazone preserves islet beta-cell function of adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes in 3 years follow-up study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 8(1):54\u201360. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.09.044","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Acta Diabetologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-019-01387-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00592-019-01387-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-019-01387-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:08:58Z","timestamp":1596154138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00592-019-01387-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-019-01387-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-5429","1432-5233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-5429","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-5233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethical committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (#2010-S(001)) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}