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According to the duration of follow-up, the subgroup analysis included four periods: 1\u20134, 12\u201318, 24\u201326, and 52\u00a0weeks. In the five trials included both 24\u201326 and 52 weeks of follow-up, we compared the efficacy by the placebo-subtracted difference and changes in SGLT2i groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen trials including 7109 participants were analyzed. The combination of SGLT2i and insulin improved hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), daily insulin dose, body weight, and blood pressure, which varied greatly by different follow-ups. Compared with %HbA1c at 24\u201326\u00a0weeks, placebo-subtracted differences and changes in the SGLT2i groups slightly increased. SGLT2i plus insulin treatment showed no difference in the occurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs), hypoglycemia, or severe hypoglycemia but increased the risk of genital tract infections (GTIs) in a duration-dependent manner. SGLT2i treatment was associated with a significantly higher rate of ketone-related SAEs and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at 52\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SGLT2i as an add-on therapy to insulin improved glycemic control and body weight and decreased the required dose of insulin without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. However, after 6\u00a0months the benefits of SGLT2is on glycemic control may weaken and the risks of GTIs and DKA increased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01686-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T08:03:29Z","timestamp":1614672209000},"page":"869-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as an add-on therapy to insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Lunwen","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenghu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1686_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1960-0","volume":"54","author":"S Van Dieren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Dieren S, Peelen LM, Nothlings U, van der Schouw YT, Rutten GE, Spijkerman AM, Van der AD, Sluik D, Boeing H, Moons KG, Beulens JW (2011) External validation of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine in patients with type 2 diabetes. 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