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Contrarily, the Hp2-allele has been linked to cardiovascular disease and the role of haptoglobin-genotype in asymptomatic SVD is unknown. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the alleles\u2019 association with SVD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 179 neurologically asymptomatic adults with type 1 diabetes (women 53%, mean age 39\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u00a0years, diabetes duration 23\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u00a0years, HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> 8.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2% [65\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u00a0mmol\/mol]). Examinations included genotyping (genotypes Hp1-1, Hp2-1, Hp2-2) by polymerase chain reaction, clinical investigation, and magnetic resonance brain images assessed for SVD manifestations (white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, and lacunar infarcts).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SVD prevalence was 34.6%. Haptoglobin genotype frequencies were 15.6% (Hp1-1), 43.6% (Hp1-2), and 40.8% (Hp2-2). Only diastolic blood pressure differed between the genotypes Hp1-1, Hp1-2, and Hp2-2 (81 [74\u201383], 75 [70\u201380], and 75 [72\u201381] mmHg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019). Haptoglobin genotype frequencies by presence versus absence of SVD were 16.1%; 46.8%; 37.1% versus 15.4%; 41.9%; 42.7% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.758). Minor allele frequencies were 39.5% versus 36.3% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.553). Hp1 homozygotes and Hp2 carriers displayed equal proportions of SVD (35.7% vs 34.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.999) and SVD manifestations (white matter hyperintensities 14.3% vs 17.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.790; microbleeds 25.0% vs 21.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.904; lacunar infarcts 0% vs 3.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.999). Hp1-1 was not associated with SVD (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.46\u20132.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.712) when adjusting for age, blood pressure, and diabetic retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although the SVD prevalence was high, we detected no significant association between SVD and haptoglobin-genotype.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-023-02059-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T12:03:12Z","timestamp":1677672192000},"page":"749-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Haptoglobin genotype and its relation to asymptomatic cerebral small-vessel disease in type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"M. 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T.T. is an advisory board member of Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Inventiva, and Portola Pharma and has received speaker honoraria from the University of Donau (Austria). D.G. has received lecture or advisory honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kidney and Liver Foundation in Finland, and Novo Nordisk. J.M. has received lecture honoraria from Santen. P.-H.G. has received lecture honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Elo Water, Genzyme, Medscape, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, PeerVoice, Sanofi and Sciarc, and he is an advisory board member of AbbVie, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Medscape, MSD, Mundipharma, Nestl\u00e9, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. The other authors declare no disclosure.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All participants gave their written informed consent before inclusion in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Ethics Committee of Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}