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Mechanical and metabolic stress may disturb the intestinal microflora. The study evaluated selected muscle damage markers and zonulin concentration after maximum-intensity exercise in type 1 diabetes (T1D) men compared with healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study involved 16 T1D participants and 28 controls matched by age (22.7 [21.3\u201325.1] vs. 22.6 [20.9\u201326.3] years), body mass index (24.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 vs. 24.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and body fat percentage (16.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2 vs. 14.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6%). The T1D group had 11.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1\u00a0years of diabetes duration and a suboptimal mean glycated haemoglobin level of 7.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1%. The subjects underwent a graded running treadmill test until exhaustion. Lactate concentration was assessed in arterialized blood at baseline and 3 and 20\u00a0min after the test. Cortisol, testosterone, tumour necrosis factor \u03b1, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, zonulin, and vitamin D levels were evaluated in cubital fossa vein blood before and 60\u00a0min after the test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>T1D patients presented higher baseline zonulin, myoglobin concentration, testosterone\/cortisol ratio, and lower maximal oxygen uptake. On adjusting for the baseline values, the groups differed in zonulin, lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin levels, testosterone\/cortisol ratio, and lactate concentration determined 20\u00a0min after exercise (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Maximum-intensity exercise increased muscle and intestinal damage in T1D participants. In patients with lower physical activity, very-high-intensity exercise should be recommended with caution. Observing the anabolic-catabolic index may help individualize effort intensity in T1D individuals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-023-02157-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T19:01:16Z","timestamp":1690052476000},"page":"1675-1683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of selected muscle damage markers and zonulin concentration after maximum-intensity exercise in men with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pump"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6938-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Matejko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Tota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Morawska-Tota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Pa\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej T.","family":"Malecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Klupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"2157_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225461","volume":"10","author":"A Piotrowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piotrowska A, Pilch W, Tota \u0141 et al (2021) Local vibration reduces muscle damage after prolonged exercise in men. 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