{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:56:23Z","timestamp":1790283383868,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008809","name":"University of Hail","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MDR-22 024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MDR-22 024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Diabetol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-025-02478-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T20:22:07Z","timestamp":1742674927000},"page":"785-800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dysregulation and therapeutic prospects of regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1594-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azharuddin Sajid","family":"Syed Khaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naif K.","family":"Binsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husam","family":"Qanash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamad","family":"Alshetaiwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Abdelmageed Mohamed","family":"Ginawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2478_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","volume":"157","author":"P Saeedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N et al (2019) Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 157:107843","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"10397","key":"2478_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","volume":"402","author":"GBDD Collaborators","year":"2023","unstructured":"GBDD Collaborators (2023) Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet 402(10397):203\u2013234","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2478_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1497","volume":"362","author":"G Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu G, Liu B, Sun Y, Du Y, Snetselaar LG, Hu FB et al (2018) Prevalence of diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes among US adults in 2016 and 2017: population based study. BMJ 362:k1497","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2478_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","volume":"14","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB (2018) Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14(2):88\u201398","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2478_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00218-2","volume":"10","author":"GA Gregory","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gregory GA, Robinson TIG, Linklater SE, Wang F, Colagiuri S, de Beaufort C et al (2022) Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 10(10):741\u2013760","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9911","key":"2478_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7","volume":"383","author":"MA Atkinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS, Michels AW (2014) Type 1 diabetes. Lancet 383(9911):69\u201382","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00443-4","volume":"17","author":"BO Roep","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roep BO, Thomaidou S, van Tienhoven R, Zaldumbide A (2020) Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a disease of the \u03b2-cell (do not blame the immune system?). Nat Rev Endocrinol 17(3):150\u2013161","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology3010007","volume":"3","author":"S Rathod","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rathod S (2022) Novel insights into the immunotherapy-based treatment strategy for autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Diabetology 3(1):79\u201396","journal-title":"Diabetology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2478_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902226","volume":"381","author":"KC Herold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herold KC, Bundy BN, Long SA, Bluestone JA, DiMeglio LA, Dufort MJ et al (2019) An anti-CD3 antibody, teplizumab, in relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 381(7):603\u2013613","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2478_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05176-7","volume":"63","author":"R Mallone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mallone R, Eizirik DL (2020) Presumption of innocence for beta cells: why are they vulnerable autoimmune targets in type 1 diabetes? Diabetologia 63(10):1999\u20132006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2478_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4614-2","volume":"61","author":"LJ Holm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holm LJ, Krogvold L, Hasselby JP, Kaur S, Claessens LA, Russell MA et al (2018) Abnormal islet sphingolipid metabolism in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 61(7):1650\u20131661","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00409-6","volume":"16","author":"DL Eizirik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eizirik DL, Colli ML (2020) Revisiting the role of inflammation in the loss of pancreatic beta-cells in T1DM. Nat Rev Endocrinol 16(11):611\u2013612","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01034-7","volume":"7","author":"K Al-Hasani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Hasani K, Khurana I, Mariana L, Loudovaris T, Maxwell S, Harikrishnan KN et al (2022) Inhibition of pancreatic EZH2 restores progenitor insulin in T1D donor. Signal Transduct Target Ther 7(1):248","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"2478_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200039","volume":"6","author":"A Andersson Svard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andersson Svard A, Benatti E, Lundgren M, Lernmark A, Maziarz M, Elding Larsson H et al (2022) Possible relationship between the HLA-DRA1 intron haplotype of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 1 of the HLA-DRA1 gene and autoantibodies in children at increased genetic risk for autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Immunohorizons 6(8):614\u2013629","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"issue":"6","key":"2478_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.22.6.429","volume":"22","author":"DP Singal","year":"1973","unstructured":"Singal DP, Blajchman MA (1973) Histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens, lymphocytotoxic antibodies and tissue antibodies in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 22(6):429\u2013432","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7885","key":"2478_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91201-X","volume":"2","author":"J Nerup","year":"1974","unstructured":"Nerup J, Platz P, Andersen OO, Christy M, Lyngsoe J, Poulsen JE et al (1974) HL-A antigens and diabetes mellitus. Lancet 2(7885):864\u2013866","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007732","volume":"2","author":"JA Noble","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noble JA, Erlich HA (2012) Genetics of type 1 diabetes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2(1):a007732","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"8190","key":"2478_CR18","first-page":"354","volume":"2","author":"AB Jenson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jenson AB, Rosenberg HS, Notkins AL (1980) Pancreatic islet-cell damage in children with fatal viral infections. Lancet 2(8190):354\u2013358","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2478_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S170","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.Supplement_1.S170","volume":"7","author":"F Ginsberg-Fellner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ginsberg-Fellner F, Witt ME, Fedun B, Taub F, Dobersen MJ, McEvoy RC et al (1985) Diabetes mellitus and autoimmunity in patients with the congenital rubella syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 7:S170\u2013S176","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12115","volume":"16","author":"MM Lamb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamb MM, Miller M, Seifert JA, Frederiksen B, Kroehl M, Rewers M et al (2015) The effect of childhood cow\u2019s milk intake and HLA-DR genotype on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the diabetes autoimmunity study in the young. Pediatr Diabetes 16(1):31\u201338","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3657-x","volume":"58","author":"MM Lamb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamb MM, Frederiksen B, Seifert JA, Kroehl M, Rewers M, Norris JM (2015) Sugar intake is associated with progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes: the diabetes autoimmunity study in the young. Diabetologia 58(9):2027\u20132034","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2478_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5448.2002.30403.x","volume":"3","author":"EH Hathout","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hathout EH, Beeson WL, Nahab F, Rabadi A, Thomas W, Mace JW (2002) Role of exposure to air pollutants in the development of type 1 diabetes before and after 5 yr of age. Pediatr Diabetes 3(4):184\u2013188","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2478_CR23","unstructured":"Yau M, Maclaren NK, Sperling MA (2021) Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Endotext [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"2478_CR24","first-page":"608","volume":"11","author":"K Zorena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zorena K, Michalska M, Kurpas M, Jaskulak M, Murawska A, Rostami S (2022) Environmental factors and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes-old disease and new data. Biology (Basel) 11(4):608","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2478_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.05.009","volume":"133","author":"S Sakaguchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sakaguchi S, Yamaguchi T, Nomura T, Ono M (2008) Regulatory T cells and immune tolerance. Cell 133(5):775\u2013787","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2478_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060539","volume":"169","author":"B Calderon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Calderon B, Suri A, Unanue ER (2006) In CD4+T-cell-induced diabetes, macrophages are the final effector cells that mediate islet beta-cell killing: studies from an acute model. Am J Pathol 169(6):2137\u20132147","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2478_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0213-9","volume":"19","author":"MY Donath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donath MY, Dinarello CA, Mandrup-Poulsen T (2019) Targeting innate immune mediators in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Immunol 19(12):734\u2013746","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2478_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi20-0026","volume":"70","author":"A Petrelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petrelli A, Atkinson MA, Pietropaolo M, Giannoukakis N (2021) Modulation of leukocytes of the innate arm of the immune system as a potential approach to prevent the onset and progression of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 70(2):313\u2013322","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4885","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094885","volume":"23","author":"FU Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan FU, Khongorzul P, Raki AA, Rajasekaran A, Gris D, Amrani A (2022) Dendritic cells and their immunotherapeutic potential for treating type 1 diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 23(9):4885","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2478_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.08.002","volume":"23","author":"LK Shoda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shoda LK, Young DL, Ramanujan S, Whiting CC, Atkinson MA, Bluestone JA et al (2005) A comprehensive review of interventions in the NOD mouse and implications for translation. Immunity 23(2):115\u2013126","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"2478_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13410","volume":"23","author":"REJ Besser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Besser REJ, Bell KJ, Couper JJ, Ziegler AG, Wherrett DK, Knip M et al (2022) ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 23(8):1175\u20131187","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"6289","key":"2478_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/347151a0","volume":"347","author":"S Baekkeskov","year":"1990","unstructured":"Baekkeskov S, Aanstoot HJ, Christgau S, Reetz A, Solimena M, Cascalho M et al (1990) Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Nature 347(6289):151\u2013156","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2478_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.5.2648","volume":"161","author":"E Bonifacio","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bonifacio E, Lampasona V, Bingley PJ (1998) IA-2 (islet cell antigen 512) is the primary target of humoral autoimmunity against type 1 diabetes-associated tyrosine phosphatase autoantigens. J Immunol 161(5):2648\u20132654","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"43","key":"2478_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17040","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705894104","volume":"104","author":"JM Wenzlau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wenzlau JM, Juhl K, Yu L, Moua O, Sarkar SA, Gottlieb P et al (2007) The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(43):17040\u201317045","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4630","key":"2478_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6362005","volume":"222","author":"JP Palmer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Palmer JP, Asplin CM, Clemons P, Lyen K, Tatpati O, Raghu PK et al (1983) Insulin antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetics before insulin treatment. Science 222(4630):1337\u20131339","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"23","key":"2478_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6285","volume":"309","author":"AG Ziegler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ziegler AG, Rewers M, Simell O, Simell T, Lempainen J, Steck A et al (2013) Seroconversion to multiple islet autoantibodies and risk of progression to diabetes in children. JAMA 309(23):2473\u20132479","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.3.1151","volume":"155","author":"S Sakaguchi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, Itoh M, Toda M (1995) Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25): breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J Immunol 155(3):1151\u20131164","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5609","key":"2478_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079490","volume":"299","author":"S Hori","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hori S, Nomura T, Sakaguchi S (2003) Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3. Science 299(5609):1057\u20131061","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2478_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxm014","volume":"19","author":"SE Allan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allan SE, Crome SQ, Crellin NK, Passerini L, Steiner TS, Bacchetta R et al (2007) Activation-induced FOXP3 in human T effector cells does not suppress proliferation or cytokine production. Int Immunol 19(4):345\u2013354","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-7-89","volume":"7","author":"M Kmieciak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kmieciak M, Gowda M, Graham L, Godder K, Bear HD, Marincola FM et al (2009) Human T cells express CD25 and Foxp3 upon activation and exhibit effector\/memory phenotypes without any regulatory\/suppressor function. J Transl Med 7:89","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2478_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.03.019","volume":"30","author":"M Miyara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miyara M, Yoshioka Y, Kitoh A, Shima T, Wing K, Niwa A et al (2009) Functional delineation and differentiation dynamics of human CD4+T cells expressing the FoxP3 transcription factor. Immunity 30(6):899\u2013911","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"2478_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500703","volume":"195","author":"GM Mason","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mason GM, Lowe K, Melchiotti R, Ellis R, de Rinaldis E, Peakman M et al (2015) Phenotypic complexity of the human regulatory T cell compartment revealed by mass cytometry. J Immunol 195(5):2030\u20132037","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell AM, Michels AW. Self-Antigens Targeted by Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063155"},{"key":"2478_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.750542","volume":"12","author":"P Grover","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grover P, Goel PN, Greene MI (2021) Regulatory T cells: regulation of identity and function. Front Immunol 12:750542","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2478_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2018","volume":"178","author":"SG Zheng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zheng SG, Wang J, Wang P, Gray JD, Horwitz DA (2007) IL-2 is essential for TGF-beta to convert naive CD4+CD25-cells to CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and for expansion of these cells. J Immunol 178(4):2018\u20132027","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03100","volume":"10","author":"D Shevyrev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shevyrev D, Tereshchenko V (2019) Treg heterogeneity, function, and homeostasis. Front Immunol 10:3100","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12160","volume":"259","author":"EM Shevach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shevach EM, Thornton AM (2014) tTregs, pTregs, and iTregs: similarities and differences. Immunol Rev 259(1):88\u2013102","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2478_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470697405.ch16","volume":"292","author":"S Gregori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gregori S, Battaglia M, Roncarolo MG (2008) Re-establishing immune tolerance in type 1 diabetes via regulatory T cells. Novartis Found Symp 292:174\u2013183","journal-title":"Novartis Found Symp"},{"issue":"6652","key":"2478_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/39614","volume":"389","author":"H Groux","year":"1997","unstructured":"Groux H, O\u2019Garra A, Bigler M, Rouleau M, Antonenko S, de Vries JE et al (1997) A CD4+T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature 389(6652):737\u2013742","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2478_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00420.x","volume":"212","author":"MG Roncarolo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roncarolo MG, Gregori S, Battaglia M, Bacchetta R, Fleischhauer K, Levings MK (2006) Interleukin-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T cells in rodents and humans. Immunol Rev 212:28\u201350","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2478_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2785","volume":"10","author":"S Sakaguchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sakaguchi S, Miyara M, Costantino CM, Hafler DA (2010) FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the human immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 10(7):490\u2013500","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00051","volume":"3","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt A, Oberle N, Krammer PH (2012) Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression. Front Immunol 3:51","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2478_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.5.1407","volume":"54","author":"TM Brusko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brusko TM, Wasserfall CH, Clare-Salzler MJ, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA (2005) Functional defects and the influence of age on the frequency of CD4+ CD25+T-cells in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 54(5):1407\u20131414","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.1.92","volume":"54","author":"S Lindley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lindley S, Dayan CM, Bishop A, Roep BO, Peakman M, Tree TI (2005) Defective suppressor function in CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells from patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 54(1):92\u201399","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"2478_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3814","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001860","volume":"185","author":"AK Marwaha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marwaha AK, Crome SQ, Panagiotopoulos C, Berg KB, Qin H, Ouyang Q et al (2010) Cutting edge: increased IL-17-secreting T cells in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes. J Immunol 185(7):3814\u20133818","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0213605","volume":"109","author":"A Kukreja","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kukreja A, Cost G, Marker J, Zhang C, Sun Z, Lin-Su K et al (2002) Multiple immuno-regulatory defects in type-1 diabetes. J Clin Invest 109(1):131\u2013140","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1248","volume":"56","author":"T Brusko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brusko T, Wasserfall C, McGrail K, Schatz R, Viener HL, Schatz D et al (2007) No alterations in the frequency of FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 56(3):604\u2013612","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2004.11.004","volume":"24","author":"AL Putnam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Putnam AL, Vendrame F, Dotta F, Gottlieb PA (2005) CD4+CD25 high regulatory T cells in human autoimmune diabetes. J Autoimmun 24(1):55\u201362","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"7","key":"2478_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003099","volume":"186","author":"SA McClymont","year":"2011","unstructured":"McClymont SA, Putnam AL, Lee MR, Esensten JH, Liu W, Hulme MA et al (2011) Plasticity of human regulatory T cells in healthy subjects and patients with type 1 diabetes. J Immunol 186(7):3918\u20133926","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00019","volume":"10","author":"T Viisanen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viisanen T, Gazali AM, Ihantola EL, Ekman I, Nanto-Salonen K, Veijola R et al (2019) FOXP3+ regulatory t cell compartment is altered in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes but not in autoantibody-positive at-risk children. Front Immunol 10:19","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2015.43","volume":"5","author":"Y Okubo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okubo Y, Torrey H, Butterworth J, Zheng H, Faustman DL (2016) Treg activation defect in type 1 diabetes: correction with TNFR2 agonism. Clin Transl Immunol 5(1):e56","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2478_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.03.016","volume":"28","author":"Q Tang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tang Q, Adams JY, Penaranda C, Melli K, Piaggio E, Sgouroudis E et al (2008) Central role of defective interleukin-2 production in the triggering of islet autoimmune destruction. Immunity 28(5):687\u2013697","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"12","key":"2478_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0091","volume":"70","author":"A Vecchione","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vecchione A, Jofra T, Gerosa J, Shankwitz K, Di Fonte R, Galvani G et al (2021) Reduced follicular regulatory T cells in spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes of patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 70(12):2892\u20132902","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2478_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X, D. Scott M (2020) Biological modulation of the Treg:Teff ratio: from immunosuppression to immunoactivation. Immunosuppression.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.92038"},{"issue":"12","key":"2478_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"029041","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029041","volume":"8","author":"A Kitz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kitz A, Singer E, Hafler D (2018) Regulatory T cells: from discovery to autoimmunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 8(12):029041","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007807","volume":"2","author":"LT Jeker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeker LT, Bour-Jordan H, Bluestone JA (2012) Breakdown in peripheral tolerance in type 1 diabetes in mice and humans. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2(3):a007807","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000146","volume":"2","author":"S Glisic-Milosavljevic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Glisic-Milosavljevic S, Waukau J, Jailwala P, Jana S, Khoo HJ, Albertz H et al (2007) At-risk and recent-onset type 1 diabetic subjects have increased apoptosis in the CD4+CD25+T-cell fraction. PLoS ONE 2(1):e146","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"2478_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006527","volume":"4","author":"P Jailwala","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jailwala P, Waukau J, Glisic S, Jana S, Ehlenbach S, Hessner M et al (2009) Apoptosis of CD4+CD25(high) T cells in type 1 diabetes may be partially mediated by IL-2 deprivation. PLoS ONE 4(8):e6527","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4644","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100272","volume":"188","author":"G Garg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garg G, Tyler JR, Yang JH, Cutler AJ, Downes K, Pekalski M et al (2012) Type 1 diabetes-associated IL2RA variation lowers IL-2 signaling and contributes to diminished CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function. J Immunol 188(9):4644\u20134653","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2478_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0694","volume":"59","author":"SA Long","year":"2010","unstructured":"Long SA, Cerosaletti K, Bollyky PL, Tatum M, Shilling H, Zhang S et al (2010) Defects in IL-2R signaling contribute to diminished maintenance of FOXP3 expression in CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells of type 1 diabetic subjects. Diabetes 59(2):407\u2013415","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0090","volume":"60","author":"A Ferraro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferraro A, Socci C, Stabilini A, Valle A, Monti P, Piemonti L et al (2011) Expansion of Th17 cells and functional defects in T regulatory cells are key features of the pancreatic lymph nodes in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 60(11):2903\u20132913","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000788","volume":"185","author":"J Honkanen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Honkanen J, Nieminen JK, Gao R, Luopajarvi K, Salo HM, Ilonen J et al (2010) IL-17 immunity in human type 1 diabetes. J Immunol 185(3):1959\u20131967","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02716","volume":"10","author":"H Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi H, Chi H (2019) Metabolic control of Treg cell stability, plasticity, and tissue-specific heterogeneity. Front Immunol 10:2716","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.611591","volume":"11","author":"S Piconese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piconese S, Walker LSK, Dominguez-Villar M (2020) Editorial: control of regulatory T cell stability, plasticity, and function in health and disease. Front Immunol 11:611591","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3432","volume":"20","author":"N Komatsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Komatsu N, Okamoto K, Sawa S, Nakashima T, Oh-hora M, Kodama T et al (2014) Pathogenic conversion of Foxp3+ T cells into TH17 cells in autoimmune arthritis. Nat Med 20(1):62\u201368","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1995","volume":"12","author":"XP Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang XP, Ghoreschi K, Steward-Tharp SM, Rodriguez-Canales J, Zhu J, Grainger JR et al (2011) Opposing regulation of the locus encoding IL-17 through direct, reciprocal actions of STAT3 and STAT5. Nat Immunol 12(3):247\u2013254","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2478_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96600","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.96600","volume":"3","author":"X Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan X, Dong Y, Tsurushita N, Tso JY, Fu W (2018) CD122 blockade restores immunological tolerance in autoimmune type 1 diabetes via multiple mechanisms. JCI Insight 3(2):e96600","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"6","key":"2478_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi18-0058","volume":"70","author":"M Bettini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bettini M, Bettini ML (2021) Function, failure, and the future potential of Tregs in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 70(6):1211\u20131219","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"2478_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3762","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601118","volume":"197","author":"A Visperas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Visperas A, Vignali DA (2016) Are regulatory T cells defective in type 1 diabetes and can we fix them? J Immunol 197(10):3762\u20133770","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8721-0","volume":"58","author":"R Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu R, Zhou L, Ma Y, Zhou L, Liang T, Shi L et al (2020) Regulatory T cell plasticity and stability and autoimmune diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 58(1):52\u201370","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1774","volume":"10","author":"X Zhou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhou X, Bailey-Bucktrout SL, Jeker LT, Penaranda C, Martinez-Llordella M, Ashby M et al (2009) Instability of the transcription factor Foxp3 leads to the generation of pathogenic memory T cells in vivo. Nat Immunol 10(9):1000\u20131007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2016.44","volume":"18","author":"AK Marwaha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marwaha AK, Panagiotopoulos C, Biggs CM, Staiger S, Del Bel KL, Hirschfeld AF et al (2017) Pre-diagnostic genotyping identifies T1D subjects with impaired Treg IL-2 signaling and an elevated proportion of FOXP3(+)IL-17(+) cells. Genes Immun 18(1):15\u201321","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0892-8","volume":"14","author":"KM Danikowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Danikowski KM, Jayaraman S, Prabhakar BS (2017) Regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. J Neuroinflammation 14(1):117","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.18","volume":"16","author":"M DuPage","year":"2016","unstructured":"DuPage M, Bluestone JA (2016) Harnessing the plasticity of CD4(+) T cells to treat immune-mediated disease. Nat Rev Immunol 16(3):149\u2013163","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2478_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2569-y","volume":"74","author":"A Kitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kitz A, Dominguez-Villar M (2017) Molecular mechanisms underlying Th1-like Treg generation and function. Cell Mol Life Sci 74(22):4059\u20134075","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2478_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.08.002","volume":"96","author":"M Dominguez-Villar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dominguez-Villar M, Raddassi K, Danielsen AC, Guarnaccia J, Hafler DA (2019) Fingolimod modulates T cell phenotype and regulatory T cell plasticity in vivo. J Autoimmun 96:40\u201349","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2478_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6494795","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6494795","volume":"2017","author":"C Xia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xia C, Rao X, Zhong J (2017) Role of T lymphocytes in type 2 diabetes and diabetes-associated inflammation. J Diabetes Res 2017:6494795","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2478_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000490703","volume":"4","author":"E Shaban","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shaban E, Bayliss G, Malhotra DK, Shemin D, Wang LJ, Gohh R et al (2018) Targeting regulatory T cells for transplant tolerance: new insights and future perspectives. Kidney Dis (Basel) 4(4):205\u2013213","journal-title":"Kidney Dis (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-023-00541-8","volume":"24","author":"J Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao J, Zhan Y, Ji L, Chen P, Cheng L, Li F et al (2023) Proinflammatory plasticity towards Th17 paradigm of regulatory T cells consistent with elevated prevalence of TGFBR2 variants in elderly patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. BMC Immunol 24(1):6","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6329","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100061","volume":"186","author":"Q Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen Q, Kim YC, Laurence A, Punkosdy GA, Shevach EM (2011) IL-2 controls the stability of Foxp3 expression in TGF-beta-induced Foxp3+ T cells in vivo. J Immunol 186(11):6329\u20136337","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1263","volume":"6","author":"JD Fontenot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fontenot JD, Rasmussen JP, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY (2005) A function for interleukin 2 in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 6(11):1142\u20131151","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6519","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.11.6519","volume":"172","author":"AM Thornton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thornton AM, Donovan EE, Piccirillo CA, Shevach EM (2004) Cutting edge: IL-2 is critically required for the in vitro activation of CD4+CD25+T cell suppressor function. J Immunol 172(11):6519\u20136523","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5216","key":"2478_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7770771","volume":"268","author":"H Suzuki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Suzuki H, Kundig TM, Furlonger C, Wakeham A, Timms E, Matsuyama T et al (1995) Deregulated T cell activation and autoimmunity in mice lacking interleukin-2 receptor beta. Science 268(5216):1472\u20131476","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251111","volume":"25","author":"B Sadlack","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sadlack B, Lohler J, Schorle H, Klebb G, Haber H, Sickel E et al (1995) Generalized autoimmune disease in interleukin-2-deficient mice is triggered by an uncontrolled activation and proliferation of CD4+T cells. Eur J Immunol 25(11):3053\u20133059","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR95","first-page":"651","volume":"6","author":"MN Pham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pham MN, von Herrath MG, Vela JL (2015) Antigen-specific regulatory T cells and low dose of IL-2 in treatment of type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 6:651","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1213","volume":"61","author":"MA Hulme","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hulme MA, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Brusko TM (2012) Central role for interleukin-2 in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 61(1):14\u201322","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"37","key":"2478_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14023","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806726105","volume":"105","author":"A Samanta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samanta A, Li B, Song X, Bembas K, Zhang G, Katsumata M et al (2008) TGF-\u03b2 and IL-6 signals modulate chromatin binding and promoter occupancy by acetylated FOXP3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(37):14023\u201314027","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2478_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000598","volume":"185","author":"X Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou X, Kong N, Wang J, Fan H, Zou H, Horwitz D et al (2010) Cutting edge: all-trans retinoic acid sustains the stability and function of natural regulatory T cells in an inflammatory milieu. J Immunol 185(5):2675\u20132679","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2478_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903418","volume":"184","author":"L Lu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lu L, Wang J, Zhang F, Chai Y, Brand D, Wang X et al (2010) Role of SMAD and non-SMAD signals in the development of Th17 and regulatory T cells. J Immunol 184(8):4295\u20134306","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00639","volume":"6","author":"S Omenetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Omenetti S, Pizarro TT (2015) The Treg\/Th17 axis: a dynamic balance regulated by the gut microbiome. Front Immunol 6:639","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2478_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.04.002","volume":"32","author":"SL Bailey-Bucktrout","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bailey-Bucktrout SL, Bluestone JA (2011) Regulatory T cells: stability revisited. Trends Immunol 32(7):301\u2013306","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.75","volume":"17","author":"L Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu L, Barbi J, Pan F (2017) The regulation of immune tolerance by FOXP3. Nat Rev Immunol 17(11):703\u2013717","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01898","volume":"8","author":"M Clark","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clark M, Kroger CJ, Tisch RM (2017) Type 1 diabetes: a chronic anti-self-inflammatory response. Front Immunol 8:1898","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12633","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12633","volume":"5","author":"K Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh K, Kadesjo E, Lindroos J, Hjort M, Lundberg M, Espes D et al (2015) Interleukin-35 administration counteracts established murine type 1 diabetes\u2013possible involvement of regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 5:12633","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/83713","volume":"27","author":"CL Bennett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bennett CL, Christie J, Ramsdell F, Brunkow ME, Ferguson PJ, Whitesell L et al (2001) The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by mutations of FOXP3. Nat Genet 27(1):20\u201321","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2478_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.8.537","volume":"39","author":"RS Wildin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wildin RS, Smyk-Pearson S, Filipovich AH (2002) Clinical and molecular features of the immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X linked (IPEX) syndrome. J Med Genet 39(8):537\u2013545","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2478_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1086\/429843","volume":"76","author":"A Vella","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vella A, Cooper JD, Lowe CE, Walker N, Nutland S, Widmer B et al (2005) Localization of a type 1 diabetes locus in the IL2RA\/CD25 region by use of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 76(5):773\u2013779","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28423-9","volume":"8","author":"Y Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Y, Chen S, Gu Y, Feng Y, Shi Y, Fu Q et al (2018) CTLA-4 +49 G\/A, a functional T1D risk SNP, affects CTLA-4 level in Treg subsets and IA-2A positivity, but not beta-cell function. Sci Rep 8(1):10074","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2478_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8391","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8391","volume":"181","author":"T Yamazaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamazaki T, Yang XO, Chung Y, Fukunaga A, Nurieva R, Pappu B et al (2008) CCR6 regulates the migration of inflammatory and regulatory T cells. J Immunol 181(12):8391\u20138401","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6897","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07172-1","volume":"7","author":"G Sebastiani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sebastiani G, Ventriglia G, Stabilini A, Socci C, Morsiani C, Laurenzi A et al (2017) Regulatory T-cells from pancreatic lymphnodes of patients with type-1 diabetes express increased levels of microRNA miR-125a-5p that limits CCR2 expression. Sci Rep 7(1):6897","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6956","key":"2478_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01957","volume":"425","author":"Y Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee Y, Ahn C, Han J, Choi H, Kim J, Yim J et al (2003) The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA processing. Nature 425(6956):415\u2013419","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2478_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232061","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3232061","volume":"2020","author":"C Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu C, Li N, Liu G (2020) The role of microRNAs in regulatory T cells. J Immunol Res 2020:3232061","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01325-9","volume":"20","author":"MG Scherm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scherm MG, Daniel C (2020) miRNA regulation of T cells in islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 20(9):41","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061692","volume":"203","author":"BS Cobb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cobb BS, Hertweck A, Smith J, O\u2019Connor E, Graf D, Cook T et al (2006) A role for dicer in immune regulation. J Exp Med 203(11):2519\u20132527","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081219","volume":"205","author":"MM Chong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chong MM, Rasmussen JP, Rudensky AY, Littman DR (2008) The RNAseIII enzyme drosha is critical in T cells for preventing lethal inflammatory disease. J Exp Med 205(9):2005\u20132017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081062","volume":"205","author":"A Liston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liston A, Lu LF, O\u2019Carroll D, Tarakhovsky A, Rudensky AY (2008) Dicer-dependent microRNA pathway safeguards regulatory T cell function. J Exp Med 205(9):1993\u20132004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080707","volume":"205","author":"X Zhou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou X, Jeker LT, Fife BT, Zhu S, Anderson MS, McManus MT et al (2008) Selective miRNA disruption in T reg cells leads to uncontrolled autoimmunity. J Exp Med 205(9):1983\u20131991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2478_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2174\/138920210793175895","volume":"11","author":"LA Macfarlane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Macfarlane LA, Murphy PR (2010) MicroRNA: biogenesis, function and role in cancer. Curr Genomics 11(7):537\u2013561","journal-title":"Curr Genomics"},{"issue":"22","key":"2478_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12165","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212165","volume":"22","author":"K Margaritis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Margaritis K, Margioula-Siarkou G, Giza S, Kotanidou EP, Tsinopoulou VR, Christoforidis A et al (2021) Micro-RNA implications in type-1 diabetes mellitus: a review of literature. Int J Mol Sci 22(22):12165","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2478_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.12.006","volume":"68","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Feng ZP, Naselli G, Bell F, Wettenhall J, Auyeung P et al (2016) MicroRNAs in CD4(+) T cell subsets are markers of disease risk and T cell dysfunction in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 68:52\u201361","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2478_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838509","volume":"39","author":"R Rouas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rouas R, Fayyad-Kazan H, El Zein N, Lewalle P, Rothe F, Simion A et al (2009) Human natural Treg microRNA signature: role of microRNA-31 and microRNA-21 in FOXP3 expression. Eur J Immunol 39(6):1608\u20131618","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2478_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.01.007","volume":"42","author":"M DuPage","year":"2015","unstructured":"DuPage M, Chopra G, Quiros J, Rosenthal WL, Morar MM, Holohan D et al (2015) The chromatin-modifying enzyme Ezh2 is critical for the maintenance of regulatory T cell identity after activation. Immunity 42(2):227\u2013238","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.12.022","volume":"30","author":"N Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang N, Schroppel B, Lal G, Jakubzick C, Mao X, Chen D et al (2009) Regulatory T cells sequentially migrate from inflamed tissues to draining lymph nodes to suppress the alloimmune response. Immunity 30(3):458\u2013469","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13587-3","volume":"10","author":"MG Scherm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scherm MG, Serr I, Zahm AM, Schug J, Bellusci S, Manfredini R et al (2019) miRNA142-3p targets Tet2 and impairs Treg differentiation and stability in models of type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 10(1):5697","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"422","key":"2478_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaag1782","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag1782","volume":"10","author":"I Serr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serr I, Scherm MG, Zahm AM, Schug J, Flynn VK, Hippich M et al (2018) A miRNA181a\/NFAT5 axis links impaired T cell tolerance induction with autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Sci Transl Med 10(422):eaag1782","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2478_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.010","volume":"30","author":"LF Lu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lu LF, Thai TH, Calado DP, Chaudhry A, Kubo M, Tanaka K et al (2009) Foxp3-dependent microRNA155 confers competitive fitness to regulatory T cells by targeting SOCS1 protein. Immunity 30(1):80\u201391","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"2478_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203567","volume":"191","author":"D de Kouchkovsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Kouchkovsky D, Esensten JH, Rosenthal WL, Morar MM, Bluestone JA, Jeker LT (2013) microRNA-17-92 regulates IL-10 production by regulatory T cells and control of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 191(4):1594\u20131605","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2478_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.08.012","volume":"142","author":"L-F Lu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lu L-F, Boldin MP, Chaudhry A, Lin L-L, Taganov KD, Hanada T et al (2010) Function of miR-146a in controlling Treg cell-mediated regulation of Th1 responses. Cell 142(6):914\u2013929","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"2478_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036684","volume":"7","author":"LT Jeker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeker LT, Zhou X, Gershberg K, de Kouchkovsky D, Morar MM, Stadthagen G et al (2012) MicroRNA 10a marks regulatory T cells. PLoS ONE 7(5):e36684","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2478_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.10.012","volume":"260","author":"R Hezova","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hezova R, Slaby O, Faltejskova P, Mikulkova Z, Buresova I, Raja KR et al (2010) microRNA-342, microRNA-191 and microRNA-510 are differentially expressed in T regulatory cells of type 1 diabetic patients. Cell Immunol 260(2):70\u201374","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"issue":"7014","key":"2478_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03076","volume":"432","author":"MN Poy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Poy MN, Eliasson L, Krutzfeldt J, Kuwajima S, Ma X, MacDonald PE et al (2004) A pancreatic islet-specific microRNA regulates insulin secretion. Nature 432(7014):226\u2013230","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2478_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-015-1296-9","volume":"93","author":"M Latreille","year":"2015","unstructured":"Latreille M, Herrmanns K, Renwick N, Tuschl T, Malecki MT, McCarthy MI et al (2015) miR-375 gene dosage in pancreatic \u03b2-cells: implications for regulation of \u03b2-cell mass and biomarker development. J Mol Med 93(10):1159\u20131169","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"2478_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1869082","volume":"2016","author":"L Marchand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marchand L, Jalabert A, Meugnier E, Van den Hende K, Fabien N, Nicolino M et al (2016) miRNA-375 a sensor of glucotoxicity is altered in the serum of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016:1\u20137","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"2478_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6743489","volume":"2019","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ma M, Yu J, Ping F, Zhang H, Li W et al (2019) Decreased serum microRNA-21, microRNA-25, microRNA-146a, and microRNA-181a in autoimmune diabetes: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and possible involvement in pathogenesis. Int J Endocrinol 2019:1\u20139","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2478_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12287","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172382999","volume":"99","author":"AJ Wu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wu AJ, Hua H, Munson SH, McDevitt HO (2002) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulation of CD4+CD25+T cell levels in NOD mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(19):12287\u201312292","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040139","volume":"199","author":"Q Tang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tang Q, Henriksen KJ, Bi M, Finger EB, Szot G, Ye J et al (2004) In vitro-expanded antigen-specific regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune diabetes. J Exp Med 199(11):1455\u20131465","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2478_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040180","volume":"199","author":"KV Tarbell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tarbell KV, Yamazaki S, Olson K, Toy P, Steinman RM (2004) CD25+CD4+T cells, expanded with dendritic cells presenting a single autoantigenic peptide, suppress autoimmune diabetes. J Exp Med 199(11):1467\u20131477","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2478_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80121-1","volume":"11","author":"D Homann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Homann D, Holz A, Bot A, Coon B, Wolfe T, Petersen J et al (1999) Autoreactive CD4+T cells protect from autoimmune diabetes via bystander suppression using the IL-4\/Stat6 pathway. Immunity 11(4):463\u2013472","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"2478_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.2.733","volume":"171","author":"C Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen C, Lee WH, Yun P, Snow P, Liu CP (2003) Induction of autoantigen-specific Th2 and Tr1 regulatory T cells and modulation of autoimmune diabetes. J Immunol 171(2):733\u2013744","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100209","volume":"207","author":"Y Grinberg-Bleyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Baeyens A, You S, Elhage R, Fourcade G, Gregoire S et al (2010) IL-2 reverses established type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by a local effect on pancreatic regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 207(9):1871\u20131878","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2478_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0188","volume":"64","author":"Q Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang Q (2015) Therapeutic window of interleukin-2 for autoimmune diseases. Diabetes 64(6):1912\u20131913","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2478_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70113-X","volume":"1","author":"A Hartemann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hartemann A, Bensimon G, Payan CA, Jacqueminet S, Bourron O, Nicolas N et al (2013) Low-dose interleukin 2 in patients with type 1 diabetes: a phase 1\/2 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 1(4):295\u2013305","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0049","volume":"61","author":"SA Long","year":"2012","unstructured":"Long SA, Rieck M, Sanda S, Bollyky JB, Samuels PL, Goland R et al (2012) Rapamycin\/IL-2 combination therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes augments Tregs yet transiently impairs beta-cell function. Diabetes 61(9):2340\u20132348","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"18","key":"2478_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147474","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.147474","volume":"6","author":"S Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong S, Hiam-Galvez KJ, Mowery CT, Herold KC, Gitelman SE, Esensten JH et al (2021) The effect of low-dose IL-2 and Treg adoptive cell therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 6(18):e147474","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0038","volume":"35","author":"N Marek-Trzonkowska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marek-Trzonkowska N, Mysliwiec M, Dobyszuk A, Grabowska M, Techmanska I, Juscinska J et al (2012) Administration of CD4+CD25highCD127- regulatory T cells preserves beta-cell function in type 1 diabetes in children. Diabetes Care 35(9):1817\u20131820","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"315","key":"2478_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315ra189","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad4134","volume":"7","author":"JA Bluestone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bluestone JA, Buckner JH, Fitch M, Gitelman SE, Gupta S, Hellerstein MK et al (2015) Type 1 diabetes immunotherapy using polyclonal regulatory T cells. Sci Transl Med 7(315):315ra189","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2478_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14723","volume":"24","author":"M Zieli\u0144ski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski M, \u017bali\u0144ska M, Iwaszkiewicz-Grze\u015b D, Gliwi\u0144ski M, Hennig M, Ja\u017awi\u0144ska-Cury\u0142\u0142o A et al (2022) Combined therapy with CD4+CD25highCD127\u2212T regulatory cells and anti-CD20 antibody in recent-onset type 1 diabetes is superior to monotherapy: randomized phase I\/II trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 24(8):1534\u20131543","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"746","key":"2478_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadn2404","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adn2404","volume":"16","author":"C Bender","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bender C, Wiedeman AE, Hu A, Ylescupidez A, Sietsema WK, Herold KC et al (2024) A phase 2 randomized trial with autologous polyclonal expanded regulatory T cells in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Sci Transl Med 16(746):eadn2404","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2478_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0214","volume":"62","author":"A Baeyens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baeyens A, Perol L, Fourcade G, Cagnard N, Carpentier W, Woytschak J et al (2013) Limitations of IL-2 and rapamycin in immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 62(9):3120\u20133131","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2478_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01782","volume":"8","author":"DS Wilkinson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilkinson DS, Ghosh D, Nickle RA, Moorman CD, Mannie MD (2017) Partial CD25 antagonism enables dominance of antigen-inducible CD25(high) FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells as a basis for a regulatory T cell-based adoptive immunotherapy. Front Immunol 8:1782","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.973813","volume":"13","author":"J Schloder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schloder J, Shahneh F, Schneider FJ, Wieschendorf B (2022) Boosting regulatory T cell function for the treatment of autoimmune diseases\u2014that\u2019s only half the battle! Front Immunol 13:973813","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20588","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20588","volume":"6","author":"M Haque","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haque M, Song J, Fino K, Sandhu P, Song X, Lei F et al (2016) Stem cell-derived tissue-associated regulatory T cells ameliorate the development of autoimmunity. Sci Rep 6:20588","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2478_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e126471","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126471","volume":"4","author":"M Haque","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haque M, Lei F, Xiong X, Das JK, Ren X, Fang D et al (2019) Stem cell-derived tissue-associated regulatory T cells suppress the activity of pathogenic cells in autoimmune diabetes. JCI Insight 4(7):e126471","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"10","key":"2478_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1213-7","volume":"19","author":"M Haque","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haque M, Das JK, Xiong X, Song J (2019) Targeting stem cell-derived tissue-associated regulatory T Cells for type 1 diabetes immunotherapy. Curr Diab Rep 19(10):89","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2478_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635767","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635767","volume":"12","author":"V Volfson-Sedletsky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Volfson-Sedletsky V, Jones A, Hernandez-Escalante J, Dooms H (2021) Emerging therapeutic strategies to restore regulatory T cell control of islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 12:635767","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0232-6","volume":"20","author":"C Raffin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raffin C, Vo LT, Bluestone JA (2020) T(reg) cell-based therapies: challenges and perspectives. Nat Rev Immunol 20(3):158\u2013172","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2478_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.05.017","volume":"103","author":"M Tenspolde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tenspolde M, Zimmermann K, Weber LC, Hapke M, Lieber M, Dywicki J et al (2019) Regulatory T cells engineered with a novel insulin-specific chimeric antigen receptor as a candidate immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 103:102289","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"8","key":"2478_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e126194","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126194","volume":"5","author":"AC Boroughs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boroughs AC, Larson RC, Choi BD, Bouffard AA, Riley LS, Schiferle E et al (2019) Chimeric antigen receptor costimulation domains modulate human regulatory T cell function. JCI Insight 5(8):e126194","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"10","key":"2478_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0041-4","volume":"18","author":"LMR Ferreira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferreira LMR, Muller YD, Bluestone JA, Tang Q (2019) Next-generation regulatory T cell therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 18(10):749\u2013769","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2478_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.01.001","volume":"79","author":"CM Hull","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hull CM, Nickolay LE, Estorninho M, Richardson MW, Riley JL, Peakman M et al (2017) Generation of human islet-specific regulatory T cells by TCR gene transfer. J Autoimmun 79:63\u201373","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2478_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108409","volume":"102","author":"SA Beheshti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beheshti SA, Shamsasenjan K, Ahmadi M, Abbasi B (2022) CAR Treg: a new approach in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 102:108409","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2478_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-023-10668-1","volume":"20","author":"V Mohammadi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammadi V, Maleki AJ, Nazari M, Siahmansouri A, Moradi A, Elahi R et al (2024) Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM); current progress and future approaches. Stem Cell Rev Rep 20(3):585\u2013600","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2478_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e171844","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.171844","volume":"9","author":"GI Uenishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Uenishi GI, Repic M, Yam JY, Landuyt A, Saikumar-Lakshmi P, Guo T et al (2024) GNTI-122: an autologous antigen-specific engineered Treg cell therapy for type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 9(6):e171844","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["Acta Diabetologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02478-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02478-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02478-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T19:02:31Z","timestamp":1749150151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02478-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02478-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-5233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-5233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}