{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:31:04Z","timestamp":1793255464102,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012306","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trieste","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Diabetol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has become one of the most promising ligand-receptor systems to target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Over the last two decades, several GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been developed and semaglutide is the first and only GLP-1RA available as an oral formulation\n                      <jats:italic>. GLP1R<\/jats:italic>\n                      single nucleotide polymorphisms may affect GLP-1R response to oral semaglutide. Here we aimed to evaluate the impact of\n                      <jats:italic>rs6923761<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>rs761387 GLP1R<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms on the response to oral semaglutide.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective cohort study including adult patients with T2DM who had been treated with oral semaglutide for at least one year. Patients were enrolled between November 2023 and April 2024, and then genotyped.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We selected 210 adult patients with a median age of 71\u00a0years. Their median BMI was 29.1\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , HbA1c was 7.2% (55\u00a0mmol\/mol), duration of diabetes was 12\u00a0years. After a median follow-up of 18\u00a0months, oral semaglutide reduced HbA1c by \u22120.3% (\u22123\u00a0mmol\/mol), BMI by \u22121.1\u00a0kg\/m2, SBP by \u22125\u00a0mmHg, total cholesterol by -8\u00a0mg\/dL, triglycerides by -6.5\u00a0mg\/dL. In addition, a reduction of ACR by \u221244.02\u00a0mg\/g was observed in patients with baseline ACR\u2009&gt;\u200930\u00a0mg\/g, along with a decrease of liver transaminases in patients with baseline levels\u2009\u2265\u200935 U\/L. Multivariate linear regression did not show any significant association between\n                      <jats:italic>rs6923761<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>rs761387 GLP1R<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes and changes in HbA1c, BMI, SBP and DBP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings confirm the effectiveness of oral semaglutide in improving metabolic control and providing cardiorenal protection in different clinical scenarios. Conversely, they fail to show a clear benefit of\n                      <jats:italic>GLP1R<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotyping to guide treatment decisions, at least in patients with HbA1c\u2009&lt;\u20097.5% (&lt;\u200958\u00a0mmol\/mol). Further studies are needed to confirm and extend our findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-025-02626-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T04:26:54Z","timestamp":1764217614000},"page":"303-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of GLP1 receptor rs6923761 and rs761387 genetic variants on oral semaglutide response in patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Candido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6854-5782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Toffoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Baccichetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Carpen\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gaiotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5226-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Fabris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7429-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2626_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05906-7","volume":"66","author":"DJ Drucker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Drucker DJ, Holst JJ (2023) The expanding incretin universe: from basic biology to clinical translation. Diabetologia 66:1765\u20131779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-023-05906-7","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2626_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02427280","volume":"29","author":"M Nauck","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nauck M, Stockmann F, Ebert R, Creutzfeldt W (1986) Reduced incretin effect in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 29:46\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02427280","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2626_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.072884","volume":"80","author":"C Koole","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koole C, Wootten D, Simms J, Valant C, Miller LJ, Christopoulos A, Sexton PM (2011) Polymorphism and ligand dependent changes in human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) function: allosteric rescue of loss of function mutation. Mol Pharmacol 80:486\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.111.072884","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2626_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2337\/cd22-0118","volume":"42","author":"C Solis-Herrera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Solis-Herrera C, Kane MP, Triplitt C (2024) Current understanding of sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxylbenzoyl] amino) caprylate (SNAC) as an absorption enhancer: the oral semaglutide experience. Clin Diabetes 42:74\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/cd22-0118","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"key":"2626_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar7047","author":"ST Buckley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buckley ST, Baekdal TA, Vegge A, Maarbjerg SJ, Pyke C, Ahnfelt-Ronne J, Madsen KG, Scheele SG, Alanentalo T, Kirk RK et al (2018) Transcellular stomach absorption of a derivatized glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Sci Transl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar7047","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2626_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14054","volume":"22","author":"TK Thethi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thethi TK, Pratley R, Meier JJ (2020) Efficacy, safety and cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER programme. Diabetes Obes Metab 22:1263\u20131277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.14054","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2626_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.103024","volume":"18","author":"AK Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh AK, Singh R, Singh A, Misra A (2024) Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of real-world evidence. Diabetes Metab Syndr 18:103024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2024.103024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2626_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2024.11.005","volume":"47","author":"M Marassi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marassi M, Fadini GP (2025) Real-world evidence on oral semaglutide for the management of type 2 diabetes. A narrative review for clinical practice. Clin Ther 47:102\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2024.11.005","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"2626_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.8.1215","volume":"42","author":"M Stoffel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stoffel M, Espinosa R, Le Beau MM, Bell GI (1993) Human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene. Localization to chromosome band 6p21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and linkage of a highly polymorphic simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism to other markers on chromosome 6. Diabetes 42:1215\u20131218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.42.8.1215","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2626_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106411","volume":"184","author":"L El Eid","year":"2022","unstructured":"El Eid L, Reynolds CA, Tomas A, Ben J (2022) Biased agonism and polymorphic variation at the GLP-1 receptor: implications for the development of personalised therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 184:106411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106411","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2626_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.02.010","volume":"29","author":"DA de Luis","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Luis DA, Diaz Soto G, Izaola O, Romero E (2015) Evaluation of weight loss and metabolic changes in diabetic patients treated with liraglutide, effect of RS 6923761 gene variant of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. J Diabetes Complications 29:595\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.02.010","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2626_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073451","author":"J Klen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Klen J, Dolzan V (2022) Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: the impact of pharmacological properties and genetic factors. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23073451","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2626_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00340-0","volume":"11","author":"AY Dawed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dawed AY, Mari A, Brown A, McDonald TJ, Li L, Wang S, Hong MG, Sharma S, Robertson NR, Mahajan A et al (2023) Pharmacogenomics of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a genome-wide analysis of observational data and large randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 11:33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00340-0","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2626_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1547920","volume":"16","author":"G Tonin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tonin G, Goricar K, Blagus T, Janez A, Dolzan V, Klen J (2025) Genetic variability in sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor effect on glycemic and pressure control in type 2 diabetes patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RA in the everyday clinical practice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 16:1547920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1547920","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2626_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24300","volume":"33","author":"A Phan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Phan A, Carette C, Narjoz C, Rives-Lange C, Rassy N, Czernichow S, Pallet N (2025) A GLP1R gene variant and sex influence the response to semaglutide treatment in patients with severe obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 33:1237\u20131242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.24300","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2626_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac374","volume":"107","author":"EG Dorsey-Trevino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dorsey-Trevino EG, Kaur V, Mercader JM, Florez JC, Leong A (2022) Association of GLP1R polymorphisms with the incretin response. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107:2580\u20132588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac374","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2626_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","volume":"61","author":"E von Elm","year":"2008","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, Initiative S (2008) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol 61:344\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2626_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073256","author":"B Toffoli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Toffoli B, Comar C, Grillo A, Barbato V, Vincis E, Baldi V, Berti S, Volpato T, Zorat F, Croce SL et al (2025) PNPLA3 polymorphism is inversely correlated with aortic stiffness in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease without fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26073256","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2626_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16174","volume":"27","author":"V Fiore","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fiore V, Carbotta G, Barraco S, Falasca P, Arico CN, Barucca A (2025) Real-world retrospective study in elderly patients aged 65 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with daily oral semaglutide (SEMA-elderly). Diabetes Obes Metab 27:1805\u20131814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.16174","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2626_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12186052","author":"R Candido","year":"2023","unstructured":"Candido R, Gaiotti S, Giudici F, Toffoli B, De Luca F, Velardi V, Petrucco A, Gottardi C, Manca E, Buda I et al (2023) Real-world retrospective study into the effects of oral semaglutide (as a switchover or add-on therapy) in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12186052","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2626_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14453","volume":"23","author":"VR Aroda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aroda VR, Faurby M, Lophaven S, Noone J, Wolden ML, Lingvay I (2021) Insights into the early use of oral semaglutide in routine clinical practice: the IGNITE study. Diabetes Obes Metab 23:2177\u20132182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.14453","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2626_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072239","author":"SI Krishnanda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krishnanda SI, Christabelle M, Yausep OE, Sugiharto C, Vincent LD, Agarwal R, Damara I, Harbuwono DS (2025) The effect of oral semaglutide on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14072239","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2626_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2501006","volume":"392","author":"DK McGuire","year":"2025","unstructured":"McGuire DK, Marx N, Mulvagh SL, Deanfield JE, Inzucchi SE, Pop-Busui R, Mann JFE, Emerson SS, Poulter NR, Engelmann MDM et al (2025) Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 392:2001\u20132012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2501006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2626_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.14740\/cr1441","volume":"13","author":"H Yanai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yanai H, Hakoshima M, Adachi H, Katsuyama H (2022) A significant effect of oral semaglutide on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiol Res 13:303\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14740\/cr1441","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"key":"2626_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf227","volume":"18","author":"O Moreno-Perez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moreno-Perez O, Reyes-Garcia R, Guillen-Morote C, Doulatram-Gamgaram VK, Casado Cases C, Arias Mendoza N, Tejera-Perez C, Cardenas-Salas J, Martinez-Fuster S, Lardies-Sanchez B et al (2025) Effects of oral semaglutide on kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide, multicentre, retrospective, observational study (Renal_ENDO2S-RWD substudy). Clin Kidney J 18:sfaf227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf227","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2626_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12780","volume":"6","author":"T Arai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arai T, Atsukawa M, Tsubota A, Ono H, Kawano T, Yoshida Y, Okubo T, Hayama K, Nakagawa-Iwashita A, Itokawa N et al (2022) Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. JGH Open 6:503\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgh3.12780","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"2626_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-024-01590-x","volume":"15","author":"DM Williams","year":"2024","unstructured":"Williams DM, Alberts BA, Sharaf A, Sharaf G, Bain SC, Kalhan A, Min T (2024) Real-world clinical experience of oral semaglutide in a secondary diabetes clinic in the UK: a retrospective observational study. Diabetes Ther 15:1639\u20131646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-024-01590-x","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"2626_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0200","volume":"33","author":"A Sathananthan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sathananthan A, Man CD, Micheletto F, Zinsmeister AR, Camilleri M, Giesler PD, Laugen JM, Toffolo G, Rizza RA, Cobelli C et al (2010) Common genetic variation in GLP1R and insulin secretion in response to exogenous GLP-1 in nondiabetic subjects: a pilot study. Diabetes Care 33:2074\u20132076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc10-0200","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2626_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12682","volume":"18","author":"M Javorsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Javorsky M, Gotthardova I, Klimcakova L, Kvapil M, Zidzik J, Schroner Z, Doubravova P, Gala I, Dravecka I, Tkac I (2016) A missense variant in GLP1R gene is associated with the glycaemic response to treatment with gliptins. Diabetes Obes Metab 18:941\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.12682","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2626_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02761-1","volume":"41","author":"M Eghbali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eghbali M, Alaei-Shahmiri F, Hashemi-Madani N, Emami Z, Mostafavi L, Malek M, Khamseh ME (2024) Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor variants and glycemic response to liraglutide: a pharmacogenetics study in Iranian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adv Ther 41:826\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-023-02761-1","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2626_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05402-w","volume":"64","author":"W Rathmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rathmann W, Bongaerts B (2021) Pharmacogenetics of novel glucose-lowering drugs. Diabetologia 64:1201\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-021-05402-w","journal-title":"Diabetologia"}],"container-title":["Acta Diabetologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02626-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02626-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02626-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:57:59Z","timestamp":1781618279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02626-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02626-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-5233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-5233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the authors have no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (University of Trieste Comitato Etico di Ateneo #136 date 30\/11\/2023).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in this study, prior to study enrollment and genotyping.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}