{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:30:19Z","timestamp":1786509019877,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Diabetol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-026-02707-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:28:40Z","timestamp":1779431320000},"page":"1351-1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dapagliflozin is associated with a reduction in left atrial volume index in type 2 diabetes mellitus without established cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5568-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuat","family":"Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7578-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Baran","family":"Karata\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3778-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eennur \u00dcnal","family":"Day\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0268-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"\u00d6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6493-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130smail","family":"Engin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4855-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erkan","family":"Kahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2009-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep Ece","family":"Demirbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2707_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90595-4","volume":"30","author":"S Rubler","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rubler S, Dlugash J, Yuceoglu YZ, Kumral T, Branwood AW, Grishman A (1972) New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 30(6):595\u2013602","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2707_CR2","first-page":"1514","volume":"9","author":"G Borghetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borghetti G, von Lewinski D, Eaton DM, Sourij H, Houser SR, Wallner M (2018) Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Current and Future Therapies. Beyond Glycemic Control Front Physiol 9:1514","journal-title":"Beyond Glycemic Control Front Physiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"2707_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.014","volume":"52","author":"DA Bluemke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bluemke DA, Kronmal RA, Lima JA, Liu K, Olson J, Burke GL et al (2008) The relationship of left ventricular mass and geometry to incident cardiovascular events: the MESA study. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(25):2148\u20132155","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2707_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.02.010","volume":"39","author":"X Palomer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palomer X, Pizarro-Delgado J, V\u00e1zquez-Carrera M (2018) Emerging Actors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Heartbreaker Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets? Trends Pharmacol Sci 39(5):452\u2013467","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2707_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2579-0","volume":"55","author":"LJ Boonman-de Winter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boonman-de Winter LJ, Rutten FH, Cramer MJ, Landman MJ, Liem AH, Rutten GE et al (2012) High prevalence of previously unknown heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 55(8):2154\u20132162","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6S","key":"2707_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.04.010","volume":"130","author":"M Lehrke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lehrke M, Marx N (2017) Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure. Am J Med 130(6S):S40\u201350","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2707_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12282","volume":"16","author":"G Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su G, Cao H, Xu S, Lu Y, Shuai X, Sun Y et al (2014) Left atrial enlargement in the early stage of hypertensive heart disease: a common but ignored condition. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 16(3):192\u2013197","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"2707_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704762","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.704762","volume":"8","author":"M Carpenito","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carpenito M, Fanti D, Mega S, Benfari G, Bono MC, Rossi A et al (2021) The Central Role of Left Atrium in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 8:704762","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2707_CR9","first-page":"356","volume":"9","author":"L Thomas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomas L, Hoy M, Byth K, Schiller NB (2008) The left atrial function index: a rhythm independent marker of atrial function. Eur J Echocardiogr 9(3):356\u2013362","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2707_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.01.011","volume":"29","author":"SF Nagueh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T et al (2016) Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 29(4):277\u2013314","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2707_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1954","volume":"22","author":"PM Seferovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seferovi\u0107 PM, Fragasso G, Petrie M, Mullens W, Ferrari R, Thum T et al (2020) Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure: beyond glycaemic control. A position paper of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 22(9):1495\u20131503","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"2707_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2333","volume":"24","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2022","unstructured":"McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A et al (2022) 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 24(1):4\u2013131","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"2707_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.184461","volume":"116","author":"R Arena","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arena R, Myers J, Williams MA, Gulati M, Kligfield P, Balady GJ et al (2007) Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 116(3):329\u2013343","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"22","key":"2707_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","volume":"373","author":"B Zinman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S et al (2015) Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 373(22):2117\u20132128","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"2707_CR15","first-page":"2099","volume":"377","author":"B Neal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neal B, Perkovic V, Matthews DR (2017) Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 377(21):2099","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2707_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","volume":"380","author":"SD Wiviott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A et al (2019) Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 380(4):347\u2013357","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2707_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.02.010","volume":"28","author":"PA Heidenreich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ et al (2022) 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Card Fail 28(5):e1\u2013167","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"11","key":"2707_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12322","volume":"16","author":"S Sha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sha S, Polidori D, Heise T, Natarajan J, Farrell K, Wang SS et al (2014) Effect of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin on plasma volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 16(11):1087\u20131095","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2707_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13126","volume":"20","author":"KM Hallow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hallow KM, Helmlinger G, Greasley PJ, McMurray JJ, Boulton DW (2018) Why do SGLT2 inhibitors reduce heart failure hospitalization? A differential volume regulation hypothesis. Diabetes Obes Metab 20(3):479\u2013487","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"21","key":"2707_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042375","volume":"140","author":"S Verma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verma S, Mazer CD, Yan AT, Mason T, Garg V, Teoh H et al (2019) Effect of Empagliflozin on Left Ventricular Mass in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease: The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation 140(21):1693\u20131702","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2707_CR21","volume-title":"Braunwald\u2019s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E (eds) (2019) Braunwald\u2019s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 11th edn. Elsevier, Philadelphia","edition":"11"},{"issue":"3","key":"2707_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.45.3.248","volume":"45","author":"RA Greenbaum","year":"1981","unstructured":"Greenbaum RA, Ho SY, Gibson DG, Becker AE, Anderson RH (1981) Left ventricular fibre architecture in man. Br Heart J 45(3):248\u2013263","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2707_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1608","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01231.2009","volume":"298","author":"JS Seo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seo JS, Kim DH, Kim WJ, Song JM, Kang DH, Song JK (2010) Peak systolic velocity of mitral annular longitudinal movement measured by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging as an index of global left ventricular contractility. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298(5):H1608\u2013H1615","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2707_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.04.044","volume":"98","author":"HS Park","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park HS, Naik SD, Aronow WS, Visintainer PF, Das M, McClung JA et al (2006) Differences of lateral and septal mitral annulus velocity by tissue Doppler imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. Am J Cardiol 98(7):970\u2013972","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2707_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1473","volume":"21","author":"SR Yurista","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yurista SR, Sillj\u00e9 HH, Oberdorf-Maass SU, Schouten EM, Pavez Giani MG, Hillebrands JL et al (2019) Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin improves cardiac function in non-diabetic rats with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail 21(7):862\u2013873","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"15","key":"2707_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.056","volume":"73","author":"CG Santos-Gallego","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santos-Gallego CG, Requena-Ibanez JA, San Antonio R, Ishikawa K, Watanabe S, Picatoste B et al (2019) Empagliflozin Ameliorates Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling in Nondiabetic Heart Failure by Enhancing Myocardial Energetics. J Am Coll Cardiol 73(15):1931\u20131944","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2707_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01127-z","volume":"19","author":"W Shimizu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shimizu W, Kubota Y, Hoshika Y, Mozawa K, Tara S, Tokita Y et al (2020) Effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on cardiac sympathetic activity in acute myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the EMBODY trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 19(1):148","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2707_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(97)00047-3","volume":"34","author":"WC Stanley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stanley WC, Lopaschuk GD, McCormack JG (1997) Regulation of energy substrate metabolism in the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Res 34(1):25\u201333","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2707_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2019.1566567","volume":"79","author":"MT Jensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jensen MT (2019) Resting heart rate and relation to disease and longevity: past, present and future. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 79(1\u20132):108\u2013116","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"issue":"17","key":"2707_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030012","volume":"136","author":"Y Lytvyn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lytvyn Y, Bjornstad P, Udell JA, Lovshin JA, Cherney DZ (2017) Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition in Heart Failure: Potential Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Summary of Clinical Trials. Circulation 136(17):1643\u20131658","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2707_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72227","volume":"124","author":"E Ferrannini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferrannini E, Muscelli E, Frascerra S, Baldi S, Mari A, Heise T et al (2014) Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Invest 124(2):499\u2013508","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"2707_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1111-y","volume":"46","author":"MR Taskinen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Taskinen MR (2003) Diabetic dyslipidaemia: from basic research to clinical practice. Diabetologia 46(6):733\u2013749","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2707_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12670","volume":"18","author":"F Zaccardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaccardi F, Webb DR, Htike ZZ, Youssef D, Khunti K, Davies MJ (2016) Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 18(8):783\u2013794","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2707_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13990","volume":"22","author":"KE Bouter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bouter KE, van Bommel EJ, Jansen H, van Harskamp D, Schierbeek H, Ackermans MT et al (2020) The effect of dapagliflozin on apolipoprotein B and glucose fluxes in patients with type 2 diabetes and well-controlled plasma LDL cholesterol. Diabetes Obes Metab 22(6):988\u2013996","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2707_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3413","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3413","volume":"37","author":"FD Coelho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coelho FD, Borges-Canha M, von Hafe M, Neves JS, Vale C, Leite AR et al (2021) Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on liver parameters and steatosis: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 37(6):e3413","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2707_CR36","volume-title":"Effect of Dapagliflozin on Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction","author":"DETERMINE-P AstraZeneca","year":"2021","unstructured":"AstraZeneca DETERMINE-P (2021) Effect of Dapagliflozin on Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction. NCT03877224, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier"},{"key":"2707_CR37","volume-title":"Effect of Dapagliflozin on Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction","author":"DETERMINE-R AstraZeneca","year":"2021","unstructured":"AstraZeneca DETERMINE-R (2021) Effect of Dapagliflozin on Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction. NCT03877237, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier"}],"container-title":["Acta Diabetologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-026-02707-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00592-026-02707-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00592-026-02707-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:02:59Z","timestamp":1786507379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00592-026-02707-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-026-02707-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-5233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-5233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, that could influence the objectivity of the research presented in this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital (Decision No: [197]; Date: 13 September 2022). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants who participated in this study. All participants were informed about the study procedures and voluntarily agreed to participate. Confidentiality was ensured throughout the research, and all data were handled in accordance with institutional privacy policies and relevant data protection regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for participation and publication of de-identified data was obtained from all participants. All data were anonymised to protect patient confidentiality, and no personally identifiable information is disclosed in this publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}