{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:46:00Z","timestamp":1786653960061,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Today"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-026-03327-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:17:50Z","timestamp":1779448670000},"page":"1723-1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of neuroblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0010-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naonori","family":"Kawakubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnosuke","family":"Maniwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Hino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amane","family":"Kamouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Ishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Fukuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Toriigahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuhisa","family":"Fukuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Yoshimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouji","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiharu","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Tajiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3327_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cco.0000147901.12325.90","volume":"17","author":"MC Henry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Henry MC, Tashjian DB, Breuer CK. Neuroblastoma update. Curr Opin Oncol. 2005;17:19\u201323.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"3327_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2009.12.001","volume":"33","author":"N Esiashvili","year":"2009","unstructured":"Esiashvili N, Anderson C, Katzenstein HM. Neuroblastoma. Curr Probl Cancer. 2009;33:333\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2009.12.001.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"3327_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-019-01790-0","volume":"49","author":"M Higashi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higashi M, Sakai K, Fumino S, Aoi S, Furukawa T, Tajiri T. The roles played by the MYCN, Trk, and ALK genes in neuroblastoma and neural development. Surg Today. 2019;49(9):721\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00595-019-01790-0.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"3327_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.3349","volume":"26","author":"B Hero","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hero B, Simon T, Spitz R, Ernestus K, Gnekow AK, Scheel-Walter HG, et al. Localized infant neuroblastomas often show spontaneous regression: results of the prospective trials NB95-S and NB97. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:1504\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.3349.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3327_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.168","volume":"11","author":"GM Brodeur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brodeur GM, Bagatell R. Mechanisms of neuroblastoma regression. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014;11:704\u201313.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3327_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2009.11.011","volume":"24","author":"JR Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park JR, Eggert A, Caron H. Neuroblastoma: biology, prognosis, and treatment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2010;24:65\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hoc.2009.11.011.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"3327_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vo KT, DuBois SG, Neuhaus J, Braunstein SE, Weil BR, Naranjo A Pattern and predictors of sites of relapse in neuroblastoma: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) project. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2022;69:e29616.doi:10.1002\/pbc.29616.","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29616"},{"key":"3327_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Takahashi A, Yoshizumi T, Ishihara S, Inomata M, et al. 2023 National Clinical Database Annual Report by the Japan Surgical Society.Surg Today. 2025;55(3):295-334. doi: 10.1007\/s00595-024-02980-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-024-02980-1"},{"key":"3327_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910143411601","volume":"341","author":"KK Matthay","year":"1999","unstructured":"Matthay KK, Villablanca JG, Seeger RC, Stram DO, Harris RE, Ramsay NK, et al. Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and 13-cis-retinoic acid. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1165\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199910143411601.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3327_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32659-w","volume":"8","author":"GLS Sholler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sholler GLS, Ferguson W, Bergendahl G, Bond JP, Neville K, Eslin D, et al. Maintenance DFMO increases survival in high-risk neuroblastoma. Sci Rep. 2018;8:14445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32659-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"3327_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007798","volume":"11","author":"PT Kennedy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kennedy PT, Zannoupa D, Son MH, Dahal LN, Woolley JF. Neuroblastoma: an ongoing cold front for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2023;11(11):e007798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2023-007798.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"3327_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(84)90072-5","volume":"8","author":"M Katano","year":"1984","unstructured":"Katano M, Irie RF. Human monoclonal antibody to tumor-associated ganglioside GD2: suppressed growth of human melanoma in nude mice. Immunol Lett. 1984;8:169\u201374.","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"3327_CR13","first-page":"1098","volume":"47","author":"K Mujoo","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mujoo K, Cheresh DA, Yang HM, Reisfeld RA. Disialoganglioside GD2 on human neuroblastoma cells: target antigen for monoclonal antibody-mediated cytolysis and suppression of tumor growth. Cancer Res. 1987;47(4):1098\u2013104.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"3327_CR14","unstructured":"Mujoo K, Kipps TJ, Yang HM, Cheresh DA, Wargalla U, Sander DJ, et al. Functional properties and effect on growth suppression of human neuroblastoma tumors by isotype switch variants of monoclonal anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody 14.18. Cancer Res 1989;49(11):2857\u20132861."},{"issue":"6","key":"3327_CR15","first-page":"2642","volume":"45","author":"NKV Cheung","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cheung NKV, Saarinen UM, Neely JE, Landmeier B, Donovan D, Coccia P, et al. Monoclonal antibodies to a glycolipid antigen on human neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Res. 1985;45(6):2642\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3327_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1987.5.9.1430","volume":"5","author":"NKV Cheung","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cheung NKV, Lazarus H, Miraldi FD, Abramowsky CR, Kallick S, Saarinen UM, et al. Ganglioside GD2 specific monoclonal antibody 3F8: a phase I study in patients with neuroblastoma and malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5(9):1430\u201340.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3327_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01756188","volume":"35","author":"R Handgretinger","year":"1992","unstructured":"Handgretinger R, Baader P, Dopfer R, Klingebiel T, Reuland P, Treuner J, et al. A phase I study of neuroblastoma with the anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody 14.G2a. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1992;35(3):199\u2013204.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"2","key":"3327_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(94)00413-Y","volume":"31A","author":"R Handgretinger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Handgretinger R, Anderson K, Lang P, Dopfer R, Klingebiel T, Schrappe M, et al. A phase I study of human\/mouse chimeric anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody ch14.18 in patients with neuroblastoma. Eur J Cancer. 1995;31A(2):261\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"3327_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.6236","volume":"30","author":"IY Cheung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheung IY, Hsu K, Cheung NKV. Activation of peripheral-blood granulocytes is strongly correlated with patient outcome after immunotherapy with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody and GM-CSF in neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(4):426\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"26","key":"3327_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.41.3807","volume":"30","author":"NK Cheung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheung NK, Cheung IY, Kushner BH, Ostrovnaya I, Chamberlain E, Kramer K, et al. Murine anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3F8 combined with GM-CSF and 13-cis-retinoic acid in high-risk patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma in first remission. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(26):3264\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"3327_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4077","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.24.4077","volume":"18","author":"RA Reisfeld","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reisfeld RA, Handgretinger R, Ploessl C, Dopfer R, Schlegel PG, Quintanilla-Fend L, et al. Phase I study of chimeric human\/murine anti\u2013ganglioside GD2 monoclonal antibody (ch14.18) with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in children with neuroblastoma immediately after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: A Children\u2019s Cancer Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(24):4077\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.24.4077.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.10.3564","volume":"27","author":"AL Gilman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, Matthay KK, Krailo M, Yu AL, Gan J, et al. Phase I study of ch14.18 with granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 in children with neuroblastoma after autologous stem-cell transplantation: A Children\u2019s Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(1):85\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"14","key":"3327_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911123","volume":"363","author":"AL Yu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, London WB, Kreissman SG, Chen HX, et al. Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(14):1324\u201334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3327_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3909","volume":"27","author":"AL Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, Naranjo A, Diccianni MB, Gan J, et al. Long-term follow-up of a Phase III study of ch14.18 (dinutuximab) plus cytokine immunotherapy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma: Children\u2019s Oncology Group Study ANBL0032. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27(8):2179\u201389.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3327_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e358","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001684","volume":"43","author":"J Hara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hara J, Nitani C, Kawamoto H, Taguchi T, Kimura T, Yoshimura K. A Phase I\/IIa study of antidisialoganglioside antibody dinutuximab in Japanese patients with neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2021;43(3):e358\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001684.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3327_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30578-3","volume":"19","author":"R Ladenstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ladenstein R, P\u00f6tschger U, Valteau-Couanet D, Luksch R, Castel V, Yaniv I, et al. Interleukin-2 with anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18\/CHO (dinutuximab beta) in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL1\/SIOPEN): a multicentre, randomised, Phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(12):1617\u201329.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3327_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flaadt T, Ladenstein RL, Ebinger M, Lode HN, Arnardottir HB, Poetschger U, et al. Anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab beta and low-dose interleukin 2 after haploidentical stem-cell transplantation in patients with relapsed neuroblastoma: a multicenter, phase I\/II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:3135\u201348.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01630"},{"key":"3327_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ladenstein R, P\u00f6tschger U, Valteau-Couanet D, Luksch R, Castel V, Ash S. et al. Investigation of the role of dinutuximab beta-based immunotherapy in the SIOPEN High-Risk Neuroblastoma 1 trial (HR-NBL1). Cancers 2020; 12: 309.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020309"},{"issue":"5","key":"3327_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.25215","volume":"5","author":"R Ladenstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ladenstein R, Weixler S, Baykan B, Bleeke M, Kunert R, Katinger D, et al. Ch14.18 antibody produced in CHO cells in relapsed or refractory stage 4 neuroblastoma patients: A SIOPEN phase 1 study. mAbs. 2013;5(5):801\u20139.","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"3327_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lode HN, Ehlert K, Huber S, Troschke-Meurer S, Siebert N, Zumpe M, et al. Long-term, continuous infusion of single-agent dinutuximab beta for relapsed\/refractory neuroblastoma: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Br J Cancer. 2023;129:1780\u20136.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02457-x"},{"key":"3327_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12165252","volume":"12","author":"A Wieczorek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wieczorek A, Zebrowska U, Ussowicz M, Sok\u00f3\u0142 A, Stypi\u0144ska M, Dembowska-Bagi\u0144ska B, et al. Dinutuximab beta maintenance therapy in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma in first-line and refractory\/relapsed settings\u2014real-world data. J Clin Med. 2023;12:5252.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3327_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wieczorek A, \u015aladowska K, Lode HN. Efficacy and safety of anti-GD2 immunotherapy with dinutuximab beta in relapsed\/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma: a systematic review. Target Oncol. 2025;20:551\u201368.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-025-01155-3"},{"issue":"22","key":"3327_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.22.4189","volume":"19","author":"BH Kushner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kushner BH, Kramer K, Cheung NKV. Phase II trial of the anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3F8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(22):4189\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3327_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28851","volume":"135","author":"NKV Cheung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheung NKV, Cheung IY, Kramer K, Modak S, Kuk D, Pandit-Taskar N, et al. Key role for myeloid cells: phase II results of anti-GD2 antibody 3F8 plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for chemoresistant osteomedullary neuroblastoma. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(9):2199\u2013205.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"3327_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-3427","volume":"31","author":"BH Kushner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kushner BH, Modak S, Mauguen A, Basu EM, Kramer K, Roberts SS, et al. A phase II trial of naxitamab plus stepped-up dosing of GM-CSF for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma in first complete remission. Clin Cancer Res. 2025;31(10):1877\u201384.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3327_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56619-x","volume":"16","author":"J Mora","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mora J, Chan GCF, Morgenstern DA, Amoroso L, Nysom K, Faber J, et al. The anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody naxitamab plus GM-CSF for relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma: a phase 2 clinical trial. Nature Communications. 2025;16:1636.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"3327_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alderson KL, Luangrath M, Elsenheimer MM, Gillies SD, Navid F, Rakhmilevich AL. et al. Enhancement of the anti-melanoma response of hu14.18K322A by aCD40\u2009+\u2009CpG. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62: 665\u201375.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-012-1372-8"},{"issue":"11","key":"3327_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.104208","volume":"53","author":"AL Vavere","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vavere AL, Butch ER, Dearling JLJ, Packard AB, Navid F, Shulkin BL, et al. 64Cu-p-NH2-Bn-DOTA-hu14.18K322A, a PET radiotracer targeting Neuroblastoma and Melanoma. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(11):1772\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3327_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navid F, Sondel PM, Barfield R, Shulkin BL, Kaufman RA, Allay JA. et al. Phase I trial of a novel anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody, hu14.18K322A, designed to decrease toxicity in children with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32(14): 1445\u201352.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.4423"},{"key":"3327_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mody R, Naranjo A, Van Ryn C, Yu AL, London WB, Shulkin BL, et al. Randomised Phase II Trial of Irinotecan\/Temozolomide (I\/T) with Temsirolimus (TEM) or Dinutuximab (DIN) in Children with Refractory or Relapsed Neuroblastoma: A Report from The Children\u2019s Oncology Group (COG). Lancet Oncology. 2017;18(7):946\u201357.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30355-8"},{"issue":"19","key":"3327_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00203","volume":"38","author":"R Mody","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mody R, Yu AL, Naranjo A, Zhang FF, London WB, Shulkin BL, et al. Irinotecan, Temozolomide, and Dinutuximab with GM-CSF in children with refractory or relapsed Neuroblastoma: A report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(19):2160\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3327_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006530","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-006530","volume":"11","author":"Erbe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Erbe AK, Diccianni MB, Mody R, Naranjo A, Zhang FF, Birstler J, et al. KIR\/KIR-ligand genotypes and clinical outcomes following chemoimmunotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group. J Immunother Cancer. 2023;11:e006530.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"3327_CR43","unstructured":"Gray JC, Weston R, Owens C, Canete A, Gambart M, De Wilde B. et al. Dinutuximab beta added to temozolomide-based chemotherapy for children with relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma: Results of the ITCC-SIOPEN BEACON Immuno phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2025; nnn:1\u201312."},{"key":"3327_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030934","volume":"14","author":"N Olgun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Olgun N, Arayici ME, K\u0131zmazoglu D, Cecen RE. Assessment of chemo-immunotherapy regimens in patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma: a systematic review with meta-analysis of critical oncological outcomes. J Clin Med. 2025;14:934.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3327_CR45","first-page":"xxxx","volume":"30","author":"J Mora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mora J, Graubner U, DuBois SG, Applebaum M, Valteau-Couanet D, Bagatell R, et al. Naxitamab and GM-CSF in patients with primary refractory high-risk neuroblastoma: final results of a phase 2 multi-site study. Clin Cancer Res. 2024;30:xxxx\u2013xxxx.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"3327_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6320","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1452","volume":"25","author":"WL Furman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furman WL, Federico SM, McCarville MB, Shulkin BL, Davidoff AM, Krasin MJ, et al. A Phase II Trial of hu14.18K322A in combination with induction chemotherapy in children with newly diagnosed high-risk Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(21):6320\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3327_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01375","volume":"40","author":"Furman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Furman WL, McCarville B, Shulkin BL, Davidoff A, Krasin M, Hsu CW, et al. Improved outcome in children with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma treated with chemoimmunotherapy: updated results of a phase II study using hu14.18K322A. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(4):335\u201344.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3327_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-022-00427-5","volume":"3","author":"S Sengupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sengupta S, Das S, Crespo AC, Cornel AM, Patel AG, Mahadevan NR, et al. Mesenchymal and adrenergic cell lineage states in Neuroblastoma possess distinct immunogenic phenotypes. Nat Cancer. 2022;3(10):1228\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43018-022-00427-5.","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"3327_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16112064","volume":"16","author":"M Thomas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thomas M, Nguyen TH, Drnevich J, D\u2019Souza AM, de Alarcon PA, Gnanamony M. Hu14.18K322A causes direct cell cytotoxicity and synergizes with induction chemotherapy in high-risk Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16:2064.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"3327_CR50","unstructured":"Cheung NK, Cheung IY, Canete A, Kushner BH, Yeh S, Heller G. et al. Antibody response to murine anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies: correlation with patient survival. Cancer Res. 1994; 54: 2228\u201333."},{"key":"3327_CR51","first-page":"1117","volume":"4","author":"Foon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Foon KA, Sen G, Hutchins LF, Kashala O, Shau HY, Cornforth AN, et al. Antibody responses in melanoma patients immunized with an anti-idiotype antibody mimicking disialoganglioside GD2. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4:1117\u201324.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3327_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910540324","volume":"54","author":"NK Cheung","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cheung NK, Canete A, Cheung IY, Yeh S, Kushner BH, Bonilla MA, et al. Disialoganglioside GD2 anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies. Int J Cancer. 1993;54:499\u2013505.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"3327_CR53","unstructured":"Ragupathi G, Livingstone PO, Hood C, Consigny PM, Marshall DC, Bremer EG. et al. Consistent antibody response against ganglioside GD2 induced in patients with melanoma by a GD2 lactone\u2013keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccine plus immunological adjuvant QS-21. Clin Cancer Res. 2003; 9: 5214\u201320."},{"key":"3327_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-1012","volume":"20","author":"BH Kushner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kushner BH, Cheung IY, Modak S, Basu EM, Roberts SS, Cheung NK, et al. Phase I trial of a bivalent gangliosides vaccine in combination with \u03b2-glucan for high-risk neuroblastoma in second or later remission. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20:1375\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"3327_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01892","volume":"39","author":"IY Cheung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheung IY, Cheung NK, Modak S, Basu EM, Roberts SS, Kramer K, et al. Survival impact of anti-GD2 antibody response in a phase II ganglioside vaccine trial among patients with high-risk neuroblastoma with prior disease progression. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:215\u201326.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3327_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910301)67:5<1384::AID-CNCR2820670518>3.0.CO;2-7","volume":"67","author":"K Sugio","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sugio K, Nakagawara A, Sasazuki T. Association of expression between N-myc gene and major histocompatibility complex class I gene in surgically resected human neuroblastoma. Cancer. 1991;67(5):1384\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(19910301)67:5%3C1384::aid-cncr2820670518%3E3.0.co;2-7.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"3327_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2210859","volume":"388","author":"F Del Bufalo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Del Bufalo F, De Angelis B, Caruana I, Del Baldo G, De Ioris MA, Serra A, et al. GD2-CART01 for relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(14):1284\u201395.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3327_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03513-0","volume":"31","author":"C-H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li C-H, Sharma S, Heczey AA, Woods ML, Steffin DHM, Louis CU, et al. Long-term outcomes of GD2-directed CAR-T cell therapy in patients with neuroblastoma. Nat Med. 2025;31:1125\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3327_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Locatelli F, Del Bufalo F, Quintarelli C, Heczey A, Woods M, Steffin D et al. GD2-targeting CAR T cells in high-risk neuroblastoma: a phase 1\/2 trial. Nat Med 2025;31:xxx\u2013xxx.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03874-6"},{"key":"3327_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li C-H, Locatelli F, Heczey AA, Woods ML, Sharma S, Steffin D et al. Donor-derived GD2-specific CAR T cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. Nat Med 2025;31:849\u201360.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03513-0"},{"key":"3327_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heczey A, Courtney AN, Montalbano A, Robinson S, Liu K, Li M et al. Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: an interim analysis. Nat Med 2020;26(11):1686\u201390.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1074-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"3327_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02363-y","volume":"29","author":"A Heczey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heczey A, Xu X, Courtney AN, Tian G, Barragan GA, Guo L, et al. Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: updated phase 1 trial interim results. Nat Med. 2023;29(6):1379\u201388.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3327_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1461305","volume":"7","author":"S Modak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Modak S, Le Luduec JB, Cheung IY, Goldman DA, Ostrovnaya I, Doubrovina E, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy with haploidentical natural killer cells and anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody m3F8 for resistant neuroblastoma: results of a phase I study. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7(8):e1461305.","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"3327_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70958-7","volume":"14","author":"R Mohseni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohseni R, Mahdavi Sharif P, Behfar M, Shojaei S, Shoae-Hassani A, Jafari L, et al. Phase I study of safety and efficacy of allogeneic natural killer cell therapy in relapsed\/refractory neuroblastomas post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Sci Rep. 2024;14:20971.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3327_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawakubo N, Harada Y, Tamaki A, Maniwa J, Morodomi Y, Yonemitsu Y et al. Pseudoprogression and subsequent shrinkage of refractory\/relapsed pediatric solid tumors induced by GAIA-102: an interim report of the single-agent cohort in Phase I clinical trial (Poster 782-F). J Immunother Cancer 2023;11.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-SITC2023.0782-F"},{"key":"3327_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harada Y, Teraishi K, Ishii M, Ban H, Yonemitsu Y. Clinical applications of natural killer cells. In: Natural Killer Cells. IntechOpen; 2018. doi:10.5772\/intechopen.68991.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.68991"},{"key":"3327_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21955","volume":"53","author":"A P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2009","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez A, Leung W, Mu\u00f1oz E, Iyengar R, Ram\u00edrez M, Vicario JL, et al. KIR\u2013HLA receptor\u2013ligand mismatch associated with a graft-versus-tumor effect in haploidentical stem cell transplantation for pediatric metastatic solid tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009;53:120\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.21955.","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"3327_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13861","volume":"61","author":"R Matsuno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsuno R, Toyama D, Akiyama K, Isoyama K, Shiozawa E, Yamamoto S. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand mismatch cord blood transplantation in high-risk neuroblastoma. Pediatr Int. 2019;61:566\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.13861.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"3327_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yankelevich M, Thakur A, Modak S, Chu R, Taub J, Martin A, et al. Targeting refractory\/recurrent neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma with anti-CD3\u00d7anti-GD2 bispecific antibody armed T cells. J Immunother Cancer. 2024;12:e008744.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008744"},{"issue":"4","key":"3327_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30023-1","volume":"21","author":"KL Davis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davis KL, Fox E, Merchant MS, Reid JM, Kudgus RA, Liu X, et al. Nivolumab in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory solid tumours or lymphoma (ADVL1412): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1\u20132 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(4):541\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30023-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3327_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1544137","volume":"16","author":"E Maggi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maggi E, Landolina N, Munari E, Mariotti FR, Tumino N, Vacca P, et al. T cells in the microenvironment of solid pediatric tumors: the case of neuroblastoma. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1544137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1544137.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000540","volume":"8","author":"K Ehlert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ehlert K, Hansjuergens I, Zinke A, Otto S, Siebert N, Henze G, et al. Nivolumab and dinutuximab beta in two patients with refractory neuroblastoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2020;8(1):e000540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2020-000540.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"3327_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.03.032","volume":"150","author":"C Pasqualini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pasqualini C, Rubino J, Brard C, Cassard L, Andr\u00e9 N, Rondof W, et al. Phase II and biomarker study of programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor nivolumab and metronomic cyclophosphamide in paediatric relapsed\/refractory solid tumours: arm G of AcS\u00e9-ESMART, a trial of the European Innovative Therapies for Children With Cancer Consortium. Eur J Cancer. 2021;150:53\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.03.032.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"3327_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.45.9339","volume":"31","author":"T Simon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simon T, H\u00e4berle B, Hero B, von Schweinitz D, Berthold F. Role of surgery in the treatment of patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma age 18 months or older at diagnosis. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:752\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2012.45.9339.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3327_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.03117","volume":"38","author":"K Holmes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holmes K, Potschger U, Pearson ADJ, Sarnacki S, Cecchetto G, Gomez-Chacon J, et al. Influence of surgical excision on the survival of patients with stage 4 high-risk neuroblastoma: a report from the HR-NBL1\/SIOPEN study. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:2902\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.19.03117.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3327_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2023.151338","volume":"32","author":"SA Shaffiey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shaffiey SA, Le HD, Christison-Lagay E, Fialkowski EA, Aldrink JH, Grant CN, et al. Critical elements of pediatric neuroblastoma surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2023;32:151338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2023.151338.","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"15","key":"3327_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14151209","volume":"14","author":"S Mielcarska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mielcarska S, Kot A, Dawidowicz M, Kula A, Sobk\u00f3w P, K\u0142aczka D, et al. B7-H3 in cancer immunotherapy-prospects and challenges: a review of the literature. Cells. 2025;14(15):1209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14151209.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3327_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1677361","volume":"16","author":"L Andersch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Andersch L, Grunewald L, Stecklum M, Klironomos F, Haase K, Hollek V, et al. Investigating genetic modifications to enhance L1CAM-CAR T cell migration in solid tumors in a 3D bioprinted neuroblastoma model. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1677361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1677361.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"825","key":"3327_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads4214","volume":"17","author":"AM Giudice","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giudice AM, Matlaga S, Roth SL, Pascual-Pasto G, Sch\u00fcrch PM, Rouin G, et al. Target antigen-displaying extracellular vesicles boost CAR T cell efficacy in cell and mouse models of neuroblastoma. Sci Transl Med. 2025;17(825):eads4214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads4214.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Surgery Today"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00595-026-03327-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00595-026-03327-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00595-026-03327-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:01:38Z","timestamp":1786651298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00595-026-03327-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00595-026-03327-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-1291","1436-2813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-1291","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-2813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"We have no competing economic interests to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This review article is based exclusively on previously published studies. No new data were collected, and no experiments involving human participants or animals were conducted. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical consideration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}