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Preoperative SMI and PMI were measured on CT images at the L3 level and classified using established cutoff values. Associations with PPCs were examined using multivariable logistic regression. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PPCs occurred in 110 patients in the study. The low-PMI group had significantly higher rates of PPCs and pneumonia than the no low-PMI group, whereas no significant differences were observed between the SMI-based groups. In a multivariable analysis, a low PMI was independently associated with PPCs (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.16\u20134.07;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), but a low SMI was not. The low-PMI group showed worse 5-year OS and RFS in unadjusted analyses, whereas SMI was not associated with these outcomes. In Cox regression analyses adjusted for other prognostic factors, the association between a low PMI and long-term outcomes was attenuated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The preoperative PMI was more strongly associated with PPCs after esophagectomy than SMI. Although unadjusted analyses indicated an association, a low-PMI did not independently predict worse long-term outcomes in the adjusted analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-026-03433-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T07:53:19Z","timestamp":1784793199000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative clinical utility of preoperative psoas muscle and skeletal muscle index cutoffs for risk stratification after esophagectomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Mizusawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Higashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Kanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honoka","family":"Natsume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takushi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3433_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60643-6","volume":"381","author":"A Pennathur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pennathur A, Gibson MK, Jobe BA, Luketich JD. 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