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However, current approaches for tracking FT exposure through wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) are unadaptable, time-consuming, and require trained professionals. Toward developing an extended in situ wastewater opioid monitoring system, we have developed a screen-printed electrochemical FT sensor and integrated it with a customized submersible remote sensing probe. The sensor composition and design have been optimized to address the challenges for extended in situ FT monitoring. Specifically, ZIF-8 metal\u2013organic framework (MOF)-derived mesoporous carbon (MPC) nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated in the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) transducer to improve FT accumulation and its electrocatalytic oxidation. A rapid (10\u00a0s) and sensitive square wave voltammetric (SWV) FT detection down to 9.9 \u00b5gL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> is thus achieved in aqueous buffer solution. A protective mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) has been optimized as the anti-fouling sensor coating to mitigate electrode passivation by FT oxidation products and enable long-term, intermittent FT monitoring. The unique MMM, comprising an insulating polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix and carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) as semiconductive fillers, yielded highly stable FT sensor operation (&gt;\u200995% normalized response) up to 10\u00a0h in domestic wastewater, and up to 4\u00a0h in untreated river water. This sensing platform enables wireless data acquisition on a smartphone via Bluetooth. Such effective remote operation of submersible opioid sensing probes could enable stricter surveillance of community water systems toward timely alerts, countermeasures, and legal enforcement.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06520-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T04:01:35Z","timestamp":1720756895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Submersible voltammetric sensing probe for rapid and extended remote monitoring of opioids in community water systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Jiachi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shichao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar S.","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Yi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anubhap","family":"Taechamahaphan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shipra","family":"Gudekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4921-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"6520_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer MR, Mini\u00f1o AM, Warner M (2022) Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 2001\u20132021. 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