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This study presents the development of a novel, highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a Ti<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>@CoAl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanocomposite\u2013modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the detection of CAR in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The innovative Ti<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>@CoAl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> composite, synthesized and characterized through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, revealed exceptional structural integrity, morphology, composition, and thermal stability. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, demonstrating enhanced conductivity, an increased electroactive surface area, and reduced charge transfer resistance compared to the bare GCE. Differential pulse voltammetry was employed for CAR detection under optimized conditions, yielding a linear range of 0.2\u20135.6\u00a0\u03bcM with a regression equation <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>pa<\/jats:sub> (\u03bcA)\u2009=\u20090.133 <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CAR<\/jats:sub> (\u03bcM)\u2009+\u20090.09 (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.993). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined as 0.02\u00a0\u00b5M and 0.07\u00a0\u00b5M, respectively, highlighting the sensor\u2019s high sensitivity. The modified electrode exhibited excellent repeatability with a relative standard deviation\u00a0(RSD) of\u2009=\u20092.9% and reproducibility (RSD\u2009=\u20092.8%), along with strong selectivity against common interfering substances. The sensor was successfully applied to human blood serum, urine, and CAR tablets, achieving high recovery values (98.52\u2013103.94%), confirming its reliability for real-sample analysis. These findings underline the novelty and potential of the Ti<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>@CoAl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-modified GCE as a powerful tool for the accurate, selective, and sensitive determination of CAR in clinical and pharmaceutical applications.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-025-07104-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T21:09:46Z","timestamp":1742850586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Highly sensitive electrochemical determination of cariprazine using a novel Ti3C2@CoAl2O4 nanocomposite: application to pharmaceutical and biological sample analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Elif Naz","family":"\u00d6ven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asena Ayse","family":"Genc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevin","family":"Erk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiem","family":"Bouali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qamar","family":"Salamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Soylak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7104_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKenna PJ (2013) Schizophrenia and related syndromes: Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203718506"},{"issue":"1","key":"7104_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.09.010","volume":"37","author":"TM Kelly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelly TM, Daley DC, Douaihy AB (2012) Treatment of substance abusing patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. 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